Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Senior Secondary 1

Textile test: Chemicals and microscope

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TERM – 1ST TERM

WEEK SIX

Class: Senior Secondary School 1

Age: 15 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: CLOTHING AND TEXTILE

Topic: TEXTILE TEST: CHEMICALS AND MICROSCOPE

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

I.) Define chemical test and identify common chemical test

II.) Define microscope techniques and identify common microscope techniques

III.) State the importance of chemical and microscope techniques

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher explains the meaning of chemical test and microscope techniques, stating the commonly used ones in textile test.

Students listens attentively to the teacher                                                                          

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher discusses  the importance of chemical test and microscope techniques

Students exhibit attentiveness and active engagement

STEP 3

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

TEXTILE TEST: CHEMICALS AND MICROSCOPE

Chemicals in Textile Testing

 Various chemicals are used in textile testing to analyze the composition, quality, and performance of textile materials. These tests help in identifying fiber types, evaluating dye fastness, and detecting the presence of specific treatments or finishes.

Common Chemical Tests

Common chemical tests in textile testing are conducted to analyze the composition, properties, and performance of textile materials. These tests involve the use of various chemicals and reagents to assess factors such as fiber content, colorfastness, finish, and treatment. Some of the common chemical tests in textile testing include:

  1. Fiber Content Analysis: Chemical tests such as burn tests, microscopic analysis, and solubility tests are used to identify and quantify the types of fibers present in a textile sample, whether natural (e.g., cotton, wool) or synthetic (e.g., polyester, nylon).
  2. pH Testing: pH testing determines the acidity or alkalinity of textile materials, which can affect dyeing, finishing, and compatibility with skin. pH indicators or pH meters are used to measure the pH level of fabric samples and solutions.
  3. Colorfastness Testing: Colorfastness tests assess the resistance of textile dyes to various external factors such as light, washing, rubbing, perspiration, and chemicals. Colorfastness tests involve exposing fabric samples to standardized conditions and evaluating color changes using colorimeters or spectrophotometers.
  4. Chemical Finishes: Chemical tests are conducted to assess the presence and effectiveness of finishes applied to textiles, such as water repellency, flame retardancy, anti-static treatment, or wrinkle resistance. Specific chemical reagents are used to detect and quantify the presence of these finishes on fabric samples.
  5. Fiber Identification: Chemical tests such as staining reactions or specific dyeing techniques are used to differentiate between different types of fibers in textile blends or complex structures.

Microscope in Textile Testing

Microscope techniques are widely used in textile testing to analyze the structure, composition, and properties of textile materials at a microscopic level. Some common microscope techniques employed in textile testing include:

  1. Optical Microscopy: Optical microscopes, also known as light microscopes, use visible light to magnify and observe textile samples. They are versatile instruments capable of imaging both transparent and opaque materials.
  2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM is a high-resolution imaging technique that uses a focused beam of electrons to scan the surface of textile samples. SEM provides detailed three-dimensional images with magnifications ranging from 10x to 100,000x, allowing for precise analysis of fiber morphology, surface topography, and inter-fiber interactions.
  3. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): TEM is an advanced microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons transmitted through ultra-thin sections of textile samples to produce high-resolution images. TEM provides insights into the internal structure, composition, and crystallography of textile fibers, including nanoscale features such as fibril structure, crystallinity, and defects.
  4. Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM): PLM is a microscopy technique that uses polarized light to enhance the contrast and visibility of birefringent materials, such as textile fibers and crystals. PLM is commonly used in fiber identification, fiber analysis, and quality control in textiles.

Importance of Chemicals and Microscopy in Textile Testing

  1. It ensures that textile products meet specified standards for composition, durability, and performance.
  2. It helps in accurately identifying fibers and finishes, essential for verifying product specifications and labeling.
  3. It assesses how textiles behave under various conditions, guiding product development and improvement.
  4. It identifies defects, contaminants, and inconsistencies in textiles, contributing to better manufacturing processes and higher-quality products.
  5. It supports innovation by providing detailed insights into the properties and behavior of textile materials.

EVALUATION: 1. Differentiate between chemical test and microscope techniques

  1. Mention 4 common chemical test in textile testing
  2. State 4 importance of chemical test and microscope techniques in textile testing.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively