Mathematics - Primary 6 - Length and Pythagoras Theorem

Term: 2^nd Term

Week 5

Class: Primary 6
Age: 11 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Length and Pythagoras Theorem

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Identify the three sides of a right-angled triangle.
State the Pythagoras theorem.
Use the Pythagoras theorem to find the unknown length of a right-angled triangle.
Solve word problems related to the Pythagoras theorem.
Solve quantitative reasoning problems related to the Pythagoras theorem.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
• Demonstration
• Problem-solving approach
• Group activities
• Use of teaching aids (right-angled triangles, rulers, etc.)
• Interactive discussions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
• Rulers
• Protractors
• Right-angled triangle flashcards
• Chart of the Pythagoras theorem
• Worksheet for exercises
• Real-life objects (such as books, sticks, etc.) to create right-angled triangles

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

PERIOD 1 and 2:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Introduces the concept of right-angled triangles and explains the three sides (hypotenuse, base, and perpendicular).	Pupils listen and engage in the discussion.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Explains the Pythagoras theorem: "In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides." (a² + b² = c²).	Pupils listen and take notes on the Pythagoras theorem.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Demonstrates how to use the Pythagoras theorem to find the unknown side, using a sample right-angled triangle.	Pupils observe and follow the demonstration.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Teacher writes down examples on the board to explain the application of the theorem.	Pupils take notes on the Pythagoras theorem and examples.

NOTE (On the Board):
Pythagoras Theorem:

In a right-angled triangle:
a² + b² = c²
Where:

a and b are the lengths of the two shorter sides.
c is the hypotenuse (the longest side).

Exercise:

Given: a = 3 cm, b = 4 cm, find c.
Solution: 3² + 4² = c² → 9 + 16 = c² → c² = 25 → c = 5 cm

EVALUATION:
• Ask pupils to identify the three sides of a right-angled triangle.
• Solve problems on finding the hypotenuse or missing sides.

CLASSWORK:
• Use the Pythagoras theorem to find the unknown side in different right-angled triangles.

ASSIGNMENT:
• Solve 5 Pythagoras theorem problems from a worksheet.

CONCLUSION:
Teacher praises pupils for participation and encourages practice at home.

PERIOD 3 and 4:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Recap the Pythagoras theorem and move into solving word problems.	Pupils recall the Pythagoras theorem and engage in a brief discussion.
STEP 2 - EXPLANATION	Explains how to apply the Pythagoras theorem to word problems, breaking down the problem step by step.	Pupils listen and take notes on how to approach word problems.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Solves a word problem using the Pythagoras theorem.	Pupils follow the teacher’s steps to solve a similar problem.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Teacher explains the process of solving word problems step by step.	Pupils take notes on solving word problems using the theorem.

NOTE (On the Board):

Word Problem: A ladder is placed against a wall. The distance from the foot of the ladder to the wall is 6 meters, and the height from the ground to the top of the ladder is 8 meters. Find the length of the ladder.
Solution:
Use Pythagoras theorem:
a² + b² = c²
6² + 8² = c²
36 + 64 = c² → c² = 100 → c = 10 meters.

EVALUATION:
• Ask pupils to solve word problems on finding the length of a right-angled triangle.

CLASSWORK:
• Pupils work on solving 3 word problems using the Pythagoras theorem.

ASSIGNMENT:
• Solve 3 real-life word problems using the Pythagoras theorem.

CONCLUSION:
Teacher praises pupils and encourages practicing word problems.

PERIOD 5:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Introduces quantitative reasoning questions related to the Pythagoras theorem.	Pupils listen and engage in a discussion.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Explains the steps to solve quantitative reasoning questions related to Pythagoras.	Pupils listen and take notes.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Solves a few quantitative reasoning questions on the board.	Pupils follow along and attempt similar questions.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Pupils take notes on solving quantitative reasoning questions.	Pupils write notes and attempt a sample problem.

NOTE (On the Board):
Example Quantitative Reasoning Question:

A right-angled triangle has sides of 5 cm and 12 cm. Find the length of the hypotenuse.
Solution: 5² + 12² = c² → 25 + 144 = c² → c² = 169 → c = 13 cm.

EVALUATION:
• Ask pupils to solve quantitative reasoning questions individually.
• Provide more questions for practice.

CLASSWORK:
• Solve 5 quantitative reasoning questions on Pythagoras.

ASSIGNMENT:
• Complete a worksheet with mixed questions related to the Pythagoras theorem.

CONCLUSION:
Teacher commends pupils for their hard work and encourages continued practice.

SUMMARY OF LESSON:
This week, pupils will learn to identify the sides of a right-angled triangle, understand and apply the Pythagoras theorem, and solve word problems and quantitative reasoning questions using the theorem.