Mathematics - Primary 6 - Indices (Powers)

Term: 2^nd Term

Week 3

Class: Primary 6
Age: 11 years
Duration: 40 minutes for 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Indices (Powers)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Write numbers in index form.
Solve exercises involving indices.
Use the rules of indices (multiplication and division) to solve exercises.
Apply indices (powers) to solve real-life problems.
Solve quantitative reasoning problems related to indices.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
• Demonstration
• Group activities
• Problem-solving approach
• Use of teaching aids (charts, flashcards, whiteboard)
• Interactive discussions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
• Chart with the rules of indices
• Flashcards with base and powers
• Markers, whiteboard, and erasers
• Worksheet for exercises

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

PERIOD 1 and 2: PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION	Introduce the concept of indices by explaining powers as repeated multiplication.	Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification.
STEP 2 - EXPLANATION	Explain how to write numbers in index form (e.g., 2 × 2 × 2 = 2³).	Pupils observe and take notes.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Demonstrate how to write numbers in index form using examples on the board.	Pupils practice writing numbers in index form.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Explain the concept of indices, focusing on base and exponent.	Pupils take notes.

NOTE (On the Board):
• The power or exponent tells how many times to multiply the base by itself.
• Example: 2 × 2 × 2 = 2³ (read as "two raised to the power of three").
• Rule: a × a × a = a³, where 'a' is the base and '3' is the exponent.

EVALUATION:
• Ask pupils to write numbers in index form (e.g., 5 × 5 × 5 = ___).
CLASSWORK:
• Write 10 numbers in index form (e.g., 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = ___).
ASSIGNMENT:
• Convert 8 × 8 × 8 into index form.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher commends the pupils for their participation and encourages them to practice writing numbers in index form.

PERIOD 3 and 4: PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION	Recap the previous lesson on writing numbers in index form, and introduce rules of multiplication and division of indices.	Pupils recall index form and participate in a brief discussion.
STEP 2 - EXPLANATION	Explain and demonstrate the rules for multiplication and division of indices. (e.g., aⁿ × aᵐ = aⁿ⁺ᵐ, aⁿ ÷ aᵐ = aⁿ⁻ᵐ).	Pupils listen and take notes on the rules.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Solve examples involving multiplication and division of indices.	Pupils observe and solve similar problems with guidance.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Write down the rules for multiplication and division of indices.	Pupils write the rules and examples in their notebooks.

NOTE (On the Board):
• Multiplication Rule: aⁿ × aᵐ = aⁿ⁺ᵐ
• Division Rule: aⁿ ÷ aᵐ = aⁿ⁻ᵐ
• Example: 2² × 2³ = 2⁵
• Example: 5⁴ ÷ 5² = 5²

EVALUATION:
• Ask pupils to solve multiplication and division of indices exercises.
CLASSWORK:
• Solve the following:

3² × 3³ = ___
4³ ÷ 4² = ___
ASSIGNMENT:
• Solve problems involving multiplication and division of indices.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher praises pupils for their understanding of the multiplication and division rules of indices.

PERIOD 5: PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION	Recap the rules of indices and explain how to apply indices to real-life problems.	Pupils listen and engage in a brief discussion.
STEP 2 - EXPLANATION	Discuss real-life applications of indices (e.g., calculating area, volume, population growth, etc.).	Pupils take notes on real-life applications of indices.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Solve a real-life word problem using indices (e.g., calculating the area of a square with side length 2³).	Pupils follow along and solve similar problems in pairs.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Write down the real-life application examples.	Pupils take notes.

NOTE (On the Board):
• Real-life problems may involve calculating volumes, areas, population growth, etc.
• Example: If the side of a square is 2³ meters, the area of the square = (2³)².
• Exercise: Calculate the volume of a cube with side length 3³ meters.

EVALUATION:
• Ask pupils to solve a real-life problem using indices.
CLASSWORK:
• Solve a word problem involving real-life applications of indices.
ASSIGNMENT:
• Write a short paragraph describing one way indices are used in real life.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher commends the pupils for their understanding of indices and their applications in solving real-life problems.