Mathematics - Primary 6

Term: 2^nd Term

Week 2

Class: Primary 6
Age: 11 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Percentages

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Define percentage.
Express one number as a percentage of another.
Solve problems involving percentage increase and decrease.
Solve real-life problems involving percentages.
Solve quantitative reasoning problems related to percentages.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

Direct teaching
Real-life scenarios
Problem solving
Use of charts
Pair work and group discussions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

Percentage charts
Flashcards with numbers
Play money or shopping catalog
Worksheets
Board, markers, erasers

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

PERIOD 1 & 2:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Introduces percentage using shopping examples.	Pupils share what they know about sales and discounts.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Defines percentage and explains how to express one number as a percentage of another.	Pupils follow explanation and ask questions.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Uses real-life examples (e.g., 20% of ₦100).	Pupils calculate percentages of given values.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Pupils copy notes.	Pupils take notes and solve example exercises.

NOTE (On the Board):

Percentage means "per hundred."
To find a percentage:
Percentage=(Part/Whole)×100
Examples:

25 is what percent of 100? → (25/100) × 100 = 25%
50 is what percent of 200? → (50/200) × 100 = 25%

EVALUATION:

Pupils express numbers as percentages of others.

CLASSWORK:

Express 20 as a percentage of 80, 30 as a percentage of 120, etc.

ASSIGNMENT:

Find the percentage of 3 items in your home based on cost.

CONCLUSION:

Commends pupils for participation.

PERIOD 3 & 4:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Recap percentage and introduce increase/decrease.	Pupils contribute.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Explains percentage increase and decrease using shop price changes.	Pupils follow with interest.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Shows examples on board (e.g., price rising from ₦100 to ₦120 = 20% increase).	Pupils solve similar examples.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Pupils write rules for % increase/decrease.	Pupils take notes and solve examples.

NOTE (On the Board):

% Increase = New – Old ×100
% Decrease = Old – New ×100
Examples:

From ₦100 to ₦120 = 20% increase
From ₦150 to ₦120 = 20% decrease

EVALUATION:

Pupils calculate % increase/decrease in different scenarios.

CLASSWORK:

Solve 3 increase and 3 decrease problems.

ASSIGNMENT:

Observe prices at home and record any changes to find the percentage change.

CONCLUSION:

Reinforces learning with praise.

PERIOD 5:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Reviews all concepts of percentages.	Pupils recall and revise.
STEP 2 - PROBLEM SOLVING	Presents real-life problems (e.g., discount, savings, profits).	Pupils solve and explain.
STEP 3 - GROUP WORK	Pupils work in groups on a percentage-based budget activity.	Pupils collaborate.
STEP 4 - REVIEW	Reviews all and answers questions.	Pupils reflect and ask questions.

NOTE (On the Board):

Word Problem Example:

If a student scores 80 out of 100, what is the percentage?
A dress cost ₦5,000, now it is ₦4,000. What is the percentage decrease?

EVALUATION:

Pupils solve 5 word problems on percentage.

CLASSWORK:

Complete a worksheet on real-life problems.

ASSIGNMENT:

Find and solve 3 percentage problems in a newspaper, book, or shop ad.

CONCLUSION:

Praises efforts and encourages use of percentages in budgeting and daily life.

Mathematics - Primary 6 - Percentages