Mathematics - Primary 6 - Ratio and proportion

Ratio and proportion

Get it on Google Play
Get it on the Apple App Store
  1. Home
  2. Comprehensive Lesson Plan and Notes
  3. Primary 6
  4. Ratio and proportion

Term: 2nd Term

Week 1

Class: Primary 6
Age: 11 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Ratio and Proportion

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Define ratio and solve basic problems involving ratio.
  2. Explain the concept of proportion and differentiate between direct and indirect proportion.
  3. Solve problems involving direct proportion.
  4. Solve problems involving inverse proportion.
  5. Solve quantitative aptitude questions related to ratio and proportion.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

  • Question and Answer method
  • Group activities
  • Step-by-step problem solving
  • Use of teaching aids (charts, objects)
  • Storytelling with real-life applications

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

  • Flashcards
  • Ratio/proportion charts
  • Counters (bottle tops, seeds, beads)
  • Worksheets
  • Whiteboard and markers

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

PERIOD 1 & 2:

PRESENTATION

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Introduces the topic by asking real-life questions involving ratio (e.g., sharing snacks).

Pupils respond and give examples of sharing things equally or unequally.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Explains the meaning of ratio and demonstrates how to write a ratio using objects.

Pupils observe and attempt writing ratios using provided objects.

STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION

Shows how to simplify ratios using practical examples (e.g., 2:4 = 1:2).

Pupils simplify given ratios.

STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING

Teacher writes notes on board for pupils to copy.

Pupils take notes.

NOTE (On the Board):

  • Ratio: Comparison of two or more numbers.
  • Example: If a class has 10 boys and 15 girls, the ratio is 10:15 = 2:3.
  • Simplifying ratios: Divide both sides by the common factor.

Exercise:

  • Write and simplify: 6:12, 8:16, 5:10

EVALUATION:

  • Ask pupils to form and simplify ratios from real-life situations (e.g., pencils and erasers).

CLASSWORK:

  • Solve five ratio problems on the board.

ASSIGNMENT:

  • Draw two sets of objects at home and write their ratio.

CONCLUSION:

  • Commends pupils and reinforces the concept of ratios.

 

PERIOD 3 & 4:

PRESENTATION

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION

Recaps ratio and introduces proportion with simple comparisons.

Pupils respond and observe.

STEP 2 - EXPLANATION

Explains direct and inverse proportion with illustrations.

Pupils take notes and ask questions.

STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION

Gives examples of direct (more work, more pay) and inverse proportion (more taps, less time).

Pupils solve example problems in groups.

STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING

Pupils copy notes.

Pupils write and solve given examples.

NOTE (On the Board):

  • Direct Proportion: If one increases, the other increases.
  • Inverse Proportion: If one increases, the other decreases.
  • Examples:
    • Direct: 2 books = ₦200, 4 books = ₦400
    • Inverse: 2 people take 10 mins, 4 people take 5 mins

EVALUATION:

  • Pupils solve direct and inverse proportion problems on the board.

CLASSWORK:

  • Interpret and solve three direct and three inverse problems.

ASSIGNMENT:

  • Write 2 real-life examples of direct and indirect proportion from home.

CONCLUSION:

  • Recap differences between direct and inverse proportion.

 

PERIOD 5:

PRESENTATION

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION

Reviews ratio and proportion concepts.

Pupils participate.

STEP 2 - PROBLEM SOLVING

Presents challenging word problems involving ratio and proportion.

Pupils solve and explain their methods.

STEP 3 - GROUP ACTIVITY

Pupils solve quantitative aptitude problems in pairs.

Active group engagement.

STEP 4 - REVIEW

Reviews all subtopics and answers questions.

Pupils ask questions.

NOTE (On the Board):

  • Solve:
    • A bag contains 3 red balls and 6 blue balls. What is the ratio of red to total balls?
    • If 4 men can do a job in 6 days, how many days will 2 men take?

EVALUATION:

  • Pupils present solutions and explain reasoning.

CLASSWORK:

  • Solve five word problems involving ratio and proportion.

ASSIGNMENT:

  • Complete worksheet on ratio and proportion.

CONCLUSION:

Encourages pupils to apply ratio and proportion to everyday life.