Mathematics - Primary 5 - Measures of central tendency and probability

Term: 3^rd Term

Week 10

Class: Primary 5
Age: 10 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Measures of Central Tendency & Probability

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Find the mode from a set of numbers.
Identify the median from a given set of numbers.
Calculate the mean of a given set of numbers.
Solve problems on the chances of events (probability).
Solve real-life problems on measures of central tendencies and probability.
Solve quantitative aptitude problems related to measures of central tendency.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
• Demonstration
• Group activities
• Problem-solving approach
• Use of teaching aids (charts, flashcards, etc.)
• Interactive discussions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
• Chart with data sets
• Flashcards with numbers
• Markers, whiteboard, and erasers
• Worksheet for exercises
• Real-life objects (such as dice, cards, etc.) to demonstrate probability
• Calculator for mean calculation

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

PERIOD 1 and 2:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Introduces the concept of measures of central tendency: mean, median, and mode. Explains that they help us understand and summarize data.	Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Defines mode, median, and mean, and explains the process to calculate each.	Pupils take notes and ask questions.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Demonstrates finding the mode, median, and mean with a simple set of numbers (e.g., 5, 7, 8, 8, 10).	Pupils follow the steps to calculate mode, median, and mean with the teacher.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Writes the definition and process for calculating mode, median, and mean on the board.	Pupils take notes.

NOTE (On the Board):

Mode: The number that appears most frequently in a data set.

Example: Mode of [5, 7, 8, 8, 10] = 8.

Median: The middle number in an ordered data set. If there is an even number of values, the median is the average of the two middle values.

Example: Median of [5, 7, 8, 8, 10] = 8.

Mean: The average of a data set, calculated by adding all numbers and dividing by the number of values.

Example: Mean of [5, 7, 8, 8, 10] = (5 + 7 + 8 + 8 + 10) / 5 = 7.6.

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to calculate the mode, median, and mean of a new data set: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 10, 12].
CLASSWORK:
Provide a worksheet with different data sets for pupils to calculate the mode, median, and mean.

ASSIGNMENT:

Find the mode, median, and mean for the following data sets:

[3, 5, 7, 7, 9, 10, 10]
[4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 8]

CONCLUSION:
The teacher commends the pupils for their participation and encourages them to practice the three measures of central tendency at home.

PERIOD 3 and 4:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Recaps the concepts of mode, median, and mean. Introduces probability and its importance in real-life situations.	Pupils recall the definitions of mode, median, and mean, and engage in a discussion about probability.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Defines probability and explains how to calculate the chance of an event occurring (e.g., rolling a dice).	Pupils listen and take notes.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Demonstrates how to calculate the probability of rolling a 3 on a 6-sided dice: Probability = favorable outcomes / total outcomes.	Pupils observe and calculate probability for different events (e.g., rolling a number greater than 4).
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Writes the definition and formula for probability on the board.	Pupils take notes.

NOTE (On the Board):

Probability of an event: Probability = favorable outcomes / total outcomes.

Example: Rolling a 3 on a 6-sided dice → Probability = 1/6.
Example: Rolling a number greater than 4 → Probability = 2/6 = 1/3.

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to calculate the probability of certain events (e.g., flipping a coin and landing heads, drawing a red card from a deck of cards).
CLASSWORK:
Solve probability problems:

Probability of rolling a number less than 5 on a dice.
Probability of drawing an even number from a set of numbers [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].

ASSIGNMENT:

Solve the following probability problems:

What is the probability of getting a vowel when drawing a letter from the word "MATHEMATICS"?
What is the probability of drawing a green marble from a bag containing 3 green marbles, 2 red marbles, and 5 blue marbles?

CONCLUSION:
The teacher commends the pupils and encourages them to solve more probability problems using objects from around the house (e.g., coins, dice, cards).

PERIOD 5:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION	Introduces real-life problems on measures of central tendency and probability.	Pupils listen and engage in a discussion about how these concepts are used in everyday life.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Explains how to solve word problems involving mode, median, mean, and probability.	Pupils listen and take notes.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Solves a word problem on the mean of a set of numbers related to real-life situations (e.g., average rainfall in a month).	Pupils follow along and solve similar problems with the teacher’s guidance.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Writes an example word problem on the board and guides the pupils through the solution process.	Pupils take notes on solving word problems.

NOTE (On the Board):

Word Problem Example:

The number of books read by a group of students over 5 days is: [2, 4, 3, 5, 6]. What is the mean number of books read?
Solution: (2 + 4 + 3 + 5 + 6) / 5 = 4.

Real-life Probability Example:

The chances of it raining tomorrow are 3 out of 5. What is the probability of rain tomorrow?
Solution: Probability = 3/5.

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to solve real-life problems involving mode, median, mean, and probability.
CLASSWORK:
Solve a real-life problem on finding the mean number of visitors to a park over a week: [100, 150, 200, 300, 250, 400, 500].

ASSIGNMENT:

Solve a word problem on probability and measures of central tendency from a local newspaper or magazine.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher commends the pupils for their participation in solving real-life problems and encourages them to practice using measures of central tendency and probability in daily activities.

SUMMARY OF LESSON:
This week, the pupils learned about measures of central tendency, including finding the mode, median, and mean of a set of numbers. They also explored probability, solving problems related to the chances of events. Through demonstrations, discussions, and real-life applications, the pupils practiced solving both mathematical and word problems on these topics.