Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Primary 5

TERM: 2^nd Term

WEEK: 9

CLASS: Primary 5

AGE: 10 years

DURATION: 40 minutes of 2 periods each
DATE:

SUBJECT: Prevocational Studies

TOPIC:       -    Damages caused by Pests

• Sewing processes

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

1. Describe the damages caused by pests
2. Profer solutions to the problems caused by pests
3. List the equipments for sewing
4. Create an article using a sewing process

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, playway method, questions and answers, demonstration.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: sewing tools and equipments, pieces of fabric, knitting and crocheting tools and equipment, samples of designed articles, pictures and chart of pests and crop diseases

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1 and 2:

NOTE

Damages caused by pests

1. They bite and transmit diseases to humans and animals.
2. They suck juice from crops, thereby killing the crop. ...
3. They eat up plant root and leaves causing poor growth in plants. ...
4. They feed on and destroy the grains of crop plants e.g weevils.
5. They make holes into seeds thereby killing the seeds
6. They reduce the farmer’s profit
7. They reduce the crop yield

How to control pests

1. Physical/Mechanical control method
2. Hand picking and destruction of pest such as beetle, grass hopper, stem borer e.t.c.
3. Trapping- This can be used for rodents and other livestock
4. Scare crow- it is used for scaring birds and monkeys off the farm.

2. Cultural/Agronomic control method
3. Timely harvesting- Crops should be harvested as soon as they mature to prevent crop pest infestation.
4. Crop rotation- when crops are rotated, the crop pest that feed on the previous crops are not changed but remain on the soil. When the pest cannot get a suitable host plant, some of them will die as a result of starvation.
5. Timely weeding- pest usually hide in the weed within the farm. Therefore, weed should be removed as soon as they appear on the farm.
6. Early planting- when crops are planted early, they develop and mature before the insect pest infestation.
7. Use of resistance varieties- some varieties of some crops can survive the attack of pest more than other species of the same crop.
8. Soil tillage- deep tillage exposes the eggs, larvae and adults of insect pest and also the rodents from their hideouts to be killed.
9. Proper drying of products- drying of grains or produce from the farm to the moisture content level below 12% limits will reduce insect pest development, reproduction and survival.
10. Bush burning- this involves the burning of bush within the area to eliminate pest. During the process, the useful soil organism such as millipedes, earthworm, and centipedes are destroyed yet burning is very effective in destroying insect pest and their eggs.
11. Biological/Natural control

This involves the use of natural enemies of pest to control pest. For example: parasite and predators- some insect feeds on another insect for their survival. For instance lady birds eat aphid therefore they are introduced on an aphid infested farm to eat up the aphid. Birds, frogs and snakes eat insects, cassava mealy bug can be controlled by a tiny wasp; cats may be used to control rodents that attack stored products.

4. Chemical pest control method

This is the most effective methods of controlling pest. It involves the use of pesticides, insecticides, rodenticides, fumigants etc to control crop pest.

1. Pesticides- These are chemicals used to control pest. They can be applied in form of solids, dust or powder, liquid, granules, suspension etc. Examples of pesticides are vetox85, Gamalin 20, Didimac 25 etc.
2. Insecticides- These refers to chemicals used to control insect pest e.g adrin dust, vetox 85, furadin, landine 20 etc.
3. Rodenticides- These are chemicals used to control rodents.
4. Fumigants- These are usually poisonous vapor, fumes or emulsions used against pest in the stored products, glass houses and in the soil. E.g. phostoxin, methyl bromide, ethylene dichloride, hydrogen cyanide etc.
5. Nematicides- These are chemicals used to control nematodes. Nematodes are soil born organisms. E.g. nemagon.

Some sewing tools and equipments

1. Sewing Machine
2. Machine Needles.
3. Seam Unpicker.
4. Extra Sewing Feet.
5. Hand-Sewing Needles.
6. Pin Cushion.
7. Thimble.
8. Ironing Board.
9. Needles
10. threads
11. scissors
12. measuring tape
13. metre rule
14. Tailor’s chalk
15. Tracing wheel

Procedures in sewing a dress

How to Make a Dress

Learn how to make a simple dress with this step-by-step sewing tutorial.

1. Gather your materials. Lay your supplies out on your designated workspace. Ensure that your space is large enough to lay your fabric out flat.

2. Pin and cut out your pattern. Lay your pattern pieces on top of the fabric. Use pins to secure them in place so that they don’t move, mark the edges with tailor’s chalk, and cut them out. When cutting your pattern, leave a small half-inch seam allowance on the sides and bottoms. This allowance will give you room to create finished edges to connect the pieces while maintaining proper sizing.

3. Sew the side seams and armholes. Lay the two main pieces of your fabric on top of each other so that their edges match up. Sew the side seams of the front and back panels together until you reach the armholes. Your dress should still be open on the top (around the shoulders) and bottom (at the hem).

For the first armhole, fold one-quarter of an inch of fabric in, towards the inside of the dress, all the way around. Press the armhole seams with an iron, so the raw edges aren’t visible, then sew them to the inside of the dress using a sewing machine.

Sew the shoulder seams together to complete the first armhole.

Repeat this process on the other side of the dress.

4. Sew the neckline and hem. The most common necklines are scoop neck and V-neck shapes.

For a basic neckline, fold over the top one-quarter inch of the neckline fabric to hide the raw edge, and press with an iron. Sew the neckline seam. Hem the bottom of the dress using the same process, folding over a quarter-inch of fabric, pressing it, and straight-stitching it together to hide the raw edge.

5. Add zip. Use the tape measure to cut a small slit in the back of the dress’s neckline, matching the length of your zipper.

Sew the zipper into the dress to create a closure, which will make it easier to get in and out of the dress, especially if the neckline is small.

Skip this step if you’ve chosen a silhouette or fabric that allows you to slip the dress on over your head easily.

EVALUATION:    1. Describe four damages caused by pests

2. Discuss the categories and pest control and give two examples of each
3. Enumerates ten sewing tools and equipment
4. Outline the procedures in sewing a dress

CLASS ACTIVITY: Pupils in small groups, Create a mini dress using the procedure demonstrated and outlined by the teacher

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively and marks their books