Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Primary 5

TERM: 2^nd Term

WEEK: 8

CLASS: Primary 5

AGE: 10 years

DURATION: 40 minutes of 2 periods each
DATE:

SUBJECT: Prevocational Studies

TOPIC:       -    Damages caused by Pests

• Basic stitches

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

1. Describe the damages caused by pests
2. Profer solutions to the problems caused by pests
3. Summarize the meaning of stitches
4. List the different types of stitches
5. Explain the types of stitches

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, playway method, questions and answers, demonstration.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Chart showing different types of stitches real objects e.g thread, pins, tape measure etc, pictures and chart of pests and crop diseases

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1 and 2:

NOTE

Damages caused by pests

1. They bite and transmit diseases to humans and animals.
2. They suck juice from crops, thereby killing the crop. 
3. They eat up plant root and leaves causing poor growth in plants. 
4. They feed on and destroy the grains of crop plants e.g weevils.
5. They make holes into seeds thereby killing the seeds
6. They reduce the farmer’s profit
7. They reduce the crop yield

How to control pests

1. Physical/Mechanical control method
2. Hand picking and destruction of pest such as beetle, grass hopper, stem borer e.t.c.
3. Trapping- This can be used for rodents and other livestock
4. Scare crow- it is used for scaring birds and monkeys off the farm.

2. Cultural/Agronomic control method
3. Timely harvesting- Crops should be harvested as soon as they mature to prevent crop pest infestation.
4. Crop rotation- when crops are rotated, the crop pest that feed on the previous crops are not changed but remain on the soil. When the pest cannot get a suitable host plant, some of them will die as a result of starvation.
5. Timely weeding- pest usually hide in the weed within the farm. Therefore, weed should be removed as soon as they appear on the farm.
6. Early planting- when crops are planted early, they develop and mature before the insect pest infestation.
7. Use of resistance varieties- some varieties of some crops can survive the attack of pest more than other species of the same crop.
8. Soil tillage- deep tillage exposes the eggs, larvae and adults of insect pest and also the rodents from their hideouts to be killed.
9. Proper drying of products- drying of grains or produce from the farm to the moisture content level below 12% limits will reduce insect pest development, reproduction and survival.
10. Bush burning- this involves the burning of bush within the area to eliminate pest. During the process, the useful soil organism such as millipedes, earthworm, and centipedes are destroyed yet burning is very effective in destroying insect pest and their eggs.
11. Biological/Natural control

This involves the use of natural enemies of pest to control pest. For example: parasite and predators- some insect feeds on another insect for their survival. For instance lady birds eat aphid therefore they are introduced on an aphid infested farm to eat up the aphid. Birds, frogs and snakes eat insects, cassava mealy bug can be controlled by a tiny wasp; cats may be used to control rodents that attack stored products.

4. Chemical pest control method

This is the most effective methods of controlling pest. It involves the use of pesticides, insecticides, rodenticides, fumigants etc to control crop pest.

1. Pesticides- These are chemicals used to control pest. They can be applied in form of solids, dust or powder, liquid, granules, suspension etc. Examples of pesticides are vetox85, Gamalin 20, Didimac 25 etc.
2. Insecticides- These refers to chemicals used to control insect pest e.g adrin dust, vetox 85, furadin, landine 20 etc.
3. Rodenticides- These are chemicals used to control rodents.
4. Fumigants- These are usually poisonous vapor, fumes or emulsions used against pest in the stored products, glass houses and in the soil. E.g. phostoxin, methyl bromide, ethylene dichloride, hydrogen cyanide etc.
5. Nematicides- These are chemicals used to control nematodes. Nematodes are soil born organisms. E.g. nemagon.

Stitches

Stitches mean movement of a threaded needle in sewing or in closing a wound : a portion of thread left after one such movement

Types of stitches and examples

1. TEMPORARY STITCHES:

Even tacking.

Uneven tacking.

Diagonal tacking.

Tailor's tacking.

2. PERMANENT STITCHES

Running stitch Backstitch

Overcast stitch

Over hand stitch  

Whipping

3. DECORATIVE STITCHES

Cross stitches

Loop stitches

Chain stitches

EVALUATION:    1. Describe four damages caused by pests

2. Discuss the categories and pest control and give two examples of each
3. Explain the meaning of stitches
4. State the three types of stitches and give two examples of each

CLASS ACTIVITY: Pupils in small groups, Create samples of temporary and permanent stitches using brown paper or cotton material

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively and marks their books