Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Primary 5
Control of weeds + Cleaning agents for cooking tools and equipment
Control of weeds + Cleaning agents for cooking tools and equipment
TERM: 2nd Term
WEEK: 4
CLASS: Primary 5
AGE: 10 years
DURATION: 40 minutes of 2 periods each
DATE:
SUBJECT: Prevocational Studies
TOPIC: - Control of weeds
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, playway method, questions and answers, demonstration.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Samples of cooking tools and equipment, samples of cleaning agents for cleaning cooking tools and equipment, sample of weeds and charts on weeds
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
PERIOD 1 and 2:
PRESENTATION | TEACHER’S ACTIVITY | PUPIL’S ACTIVITY |
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION | The teacher revises the previous lesson on weeds and family values | Pupils pay attention |
STEP 2 EXPLANATION | She explains negative effects of weeds to farmers and the crops
1. it competes with and take over native plants. 2. it destroys native wildlife habitat 3. it reduces natural food supplies 4. It makes fires hotter and more destructive. 5. It hides feral animals and make them difficult to control
She highlights ways of controlling weeds 1. Cultural Cultural weed control refers to any technique that involves maintaining field conditions such that weeds are less likely to become established and/or increase in number. Examples of cultural weed control would be crop rotation, avoiding overgrazing of pastures or rangeland, using well-adapted competitive forage species, and maintaining good soil fertility.
2. Mechanical Mechanical weed control refers to any technique that involves the use of farm equipment to control weeds. The two mechanical control techniques most often used are tillage and mowing. 3. Biological Biological weed control refers to any technique that involves the use of natural enemies of weed plants to control the germination of weed seeds or the spread of established plants. Examples of biological weed control include the use of goat to control bush on rangeland.
4. Chemical Chemical weed control refers to any technique that involves the application of a chemical (herbicide) to weeds or soil to control the germination or growth of the weed species. Common examples of chemicals used to control weeds in forages are 2,4-DB; EPTC; bromoxynil; and paraquat. | Pupils pay attention |
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION | She explains that there are four main types of modern cleaning agents used in for cleaning kitchen tools and equipment 1. Detergents 2. Degreasers 3. Abrasives 4. Acids 1. Detergents Detergents are the most common type of cleaning agent and are used in kitchens. They work by breaking up dirt or soil, making it easy to wash it away.
2. Degreasers Degreasers are sometimes known as solvent cleaners and are used to remove grease from surfaces such as oven tops, counters and grill backsplashes.
3. Abrasives Abrasives are substances or chemicals that depend on rubbing or scrubbing action to clean dirt from hard surfaces.
4. Acids Acid cleaners are the most powerful type of cleaning agent and should be used with care. If they are not diluted correctly, acid cleaners can be very poisonous and corrosive. She highlights the steps in producing homemade cleaning agents
1. Combine half a cup of distilled white vinegar with 2 cups of water.
2. Add a few drops of your favorite essential oil or a squeeze of lemon for scent; since these are in low concentrations, they'll be safe for more surfaces.
3. Gently stir the mixture and store it in a plastic spray bottle for as long as you need.
The teacher also lists the materials used in preparing liquid soap 1. Nitrosol 2. soda ash 3. S.L.S 4. Sulphoric acid 5. Texapon 6. formalin 7. perfume 8. foaming 9. colour 10. bucket 11. bowl 12. water 13. stirring stick
Steps in preparing the liquid soap 1. Wear your work apron and nose mask 2. wash all the bucket or bowls to be used 3. measure out water sufficient for the quantity of materials you bought 4. then begin mixing each of the ingredient in the order it was written in the materials. Mix until the mixture is smooth and has a consistent paste. Avoid air bubbles so as that it won’t be lumpy. 5. pour into bottles or containers and use for domestic purposes | Pupils pay attention |
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING | The teacher writes on the board while the pupils copy the note | Pupils copy the note |
NOTE
Negative effects of weeds to farmers and the crops
Ways of controlling weeds
Cultural weed control refers to any technique that involves maintaining field conditions such that weeds are less likely to become established and/or increase in number. Examples of cultural weed control would be crop rotation, avoiding overgrazing of pastures or rangeland, using well-adapted competitive forage species, and maintaining good soil fertility.
Mechanical weed control refers to any technique that involves the use of farm equipment to control weeds. The two mechanical control techniques most often used are tillage and mowing.
Biological weed control refers to any technique that involves the use of natural enemies of weed plants to control the germination of weed seeds or the spread of established plants. Examples of biological weed control include the use of goat to control bush on rangeland.
Chemical weed control refers to any technique that involves the application of a chemical (herbicide) to weeds or soil to control the germination or growth of the weed species. Common examples of chemicals used to control weeds in forages are 2,4-DB; EPTC; bromoxynil; and paraquat.
Modern cleaning agents used in for cleaning kitchen tools and equipment
Detergents are the most common type of cleaning agent and are used in kitchens. They work by breaking up dirt or soil, making it easy to wash it away.
Detergents may come in powder, liquid, gel or crystal form
Degreasers are sometimes known as solvent cleaners and are used to remove grease from surfaces such as oven tops, counters and grill backsplashes.
Methylated spirits or white spirit were commonly used as degreasers in the past. Nowadays, non-fuming degreasers are now available to prevent chemical contamination.
Abrasives are substances or chemicals that depend on rubbing or scrubbing action to clean dirt from hard surfaces.
Abrasives should be used with care as they may scratch certain types of materials used for kitchen equipment such as plastic or stainless steel.
Acid cleaners are the most powerful type of cleaning agent and should be used with care. If they are not diluted correctly, acid cleaners can be very poisonous and corrosive.
Acid cleaners are generally used to remove mineral deposits and are useful for descaling dishwashers.
She highlights the steps in producing homemade cleaning agents
Materials used in preparing liquid soap
Steps in preparing the liquid soap
EVALUATION: 1. Explain the negative effect of weeds on crops and farmers
CLASS ACTIVITY: Pupils in small groups, prepare liquid soap
CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively and marks their books
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