Mathematics - Primary 5 - Algebraic processes

Algebraic processes

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Term: 2nd Term

Week 4

Class: Primary 5
Age: 10 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Algebraic Processes

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Find missing numbers in open sentences.
  2. Use letters to represent boxes in open sentences.
  3. Solve real-life problems involving equations.
  4. Calculate the value of algebraic expressions by substitution.
  5. Solve quantitative aptitude problems related to algebraic expressions.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

  • Demonstration
    • Group activities
    • Problem-solving approach
    • Use of teaching aids (charts, algebraic expression flashcards, etc.)
    • Interactive discussions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

  • Flashcards with algebraic expressions
    • Markers, whiteboard, and erasers
    • Worksheet for exercises
    • Real-life problem examples for equations
    • Teaching aids for open sentences (number cards, boxes, etc.)

 

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

PERIOD 1 and 2:
PRESENTATION

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Introduces the concept of algebraic processes and the importance of solving open sentences in real-life situations.

Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Demonstrates how to find missing numbers in open sentences using algebraic expressions.

Pupils watch and practice solving open sentences with their teacher.

STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION

Shows how to use letters to represent boxes in open sentences (e.g., 2 + x = 5) and how to solve for the unknown.

Pupils observe the demonstration and practice with their own open sentences.

STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING

Explains and writes examples on the board for finding missing numbers in equations, with step-by-step instructions.

Pupils take notes on how to solve equations with open sentences.

NOTE (On the Board):

  • Open Sentences Example: 3 + x = 7
    Solution: x = 7 - 3 = 4
  • Using Letters in Equations: 2x = 10
    Solution: x = 10 ÷ 2 = 5

 

EVALUATION:

  • Ask pupils to solve equations with missing numbers, like: 5 + x = 9, 2x = 12, 7 - x = 4.

CLASSWORK:

  • Solve the following equations:
  1. 3 + x = 8
  2. 4x = 16
  3. 9 - x = 5

ASSIGNMENT:

  • Solve 10 algebraic equations with missing numbers, using substitution.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher commends the pupils for their understanding of algebraic processes and encourages them to practice daily.

 

PERIOD 3 and 4:
PRESENTATION

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Recaps the previous lesson and introduces real-life problems involving equations.

Pupils recall previous lessons and discuss examples.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Explains how to solve real-life problems that involve algebraic equations (e.g., shopping, distance, etc.).

Pupils watch the teacher's demonstration and discuss real-life situations where equations can be applied.

STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION

Solves real-life algebraic problems step by step (e.g., If the price of a toy is x and you buy 3 toys for 300, find x).

Pupils observe and solve problems with the teacher's guidance.

STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING

Guides pupils in writing the steps for solving real-life algebraic problems.

Pupils take notes on solving real-life algebraic problems.

NOTE (On the Board):

  • Example: 3x = 300 (The price of one toy is x)
    Solution: x = 300 ÷ 3 = 100 (One toy costs 100).

 

EVALUATION:

  • Ask pupils to solve the following real-life algebraic problems:
  1. 2x = 100 (Find the price of one shirt if 2 shirts cost 100).
  2. 4x = 160 (Find the price of one book if 4 books cost 160).

CLASSWORK:

  • Solve the following equations based on real-life scenarios:
  1. 5x = 250 (Find the price of 1 pencil if 5 pencils cost 250).
  2. 3x = 450 (Find the cost of 1 pen if 3 pens cost 450).

ASSIGNMENT:

  • Solve 10 real-life algebraic problems involving equations.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher encourages the pupils to apply algebraic equations in everyday life and praises their participation.

 

PERIOD 5:
PRESENTATION

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Introduces the concept of calculating the value of algebraic expressions by substitution.

Pupils listen and ask questions.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Demonstrates substitution in algebraic expressions (e.g., if x = 2, find the value of 3x + 4).

Pupils watch and take notes on how to substitute values into algebraic expressions.

STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION

Shows examples of how to substitute values into expressions and solve them.

Pupils practice solving algebraic expressions using substitution.

STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING

Explains the process and rules of substitution in algebraic expressions.

Pupils take notes on the steps for substituting values.

NOTE (On the Board):

  • Example: If x = 3, find the value of 2x + 5.
    Solution: 2(3) + 5 = 6 + 5 = 11.

 

EVALUATION:

  • Ask pupils to substitute values for x in the following expressions:
  1. If x = 4, find 2x + 6.
  2. If x = 5, find 3x - 2.

CLASSWORK:

  • Substitute and solve the following expressions:
  1. If x = 2, find 5x + 3.
  2. If x = 7, find 4x - 1.

ASSIGNMENT:

  • Solve 10 algebraic expressions by substitution.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher praises the pupils for their understanding of algebraic expressions and encourages them to practice substitution regularly.