Mathematics - Primary 5 - Time and speed

Term: 2^nd Term

Week 10
Class: Primary 5
Age: 10 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Time and Speed

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Find the duration between one time and another.
Calculate the distance covered within a length of time.
Solve the average speed of a moving object, given the total distance traveled and the time taken.
Convert units of time.
Express the hours of a clock in minutes, seconds, and vice versa.
Solve real-life problems on distance, time, and speed.
Solve quantitative aptitude related to time.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
• Demonstration
• Group activities
• Problem-solving approach
• Use of teaching aids (charts, flashcards, etc.)
• Interactive discussions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
• Chart with time conversions
• Flashcards for speed and distance problems
• Stopwatch
• Whiteboard, markers, and erasers
• Worksheet for exercises

PERIOD 1 and 2:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Introduces the topic of time and speed, explaining key terms such as "duration," "speed," and "distance."	Pupils listen attentively and ask questions for clarification.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Demonstrates how to find the duration between two times, using a simple example on the board.	Pupils watch the demonstration and take notes.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Explains how to calculate the distance covered, given the time and speed. Uses an example such as "A car moves at 60 km/h for 2 hours."	Pupils observe and solve similar problems with the teacher.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Writes key formulas on the board and explains how to convert time (e.g., hours to minutes, seconds to minutes, etc.).	Pupils take notes on the formulas and the method of time conversion.

NOTE (On the Board):

Duration = End time - Start time
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Distance = Speed × Time
Time Conversion:

1 hour = 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 hour = 3,600 seconds

Example: "If a car travels at 30 km/h for 2 hours, how far does it travel?"
Time Conversion Example: 2 hours = 120 minutes

EVALUATION:
• Ask pupils to solve duration problems: "How much time has passed between 2:00 PM and 4:30 PM?"
• Solve problems on calculating distance covered: "How far does a bus travel in 3 hours at 45 km/h?"

CLASSWORK:
• Pupils solve problems on time duration, distance, and speed.
• Worksheet on time conversions.

ASSIGNMENT:
• Complete a worksheet on calculating time and distance based on speed.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher praises the students for their participation and ensures understanding of the basic concepts.

PERIOD 3 and 4:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Recaps time, distance, and speed and introduces the concept of calculating average speed.	Pupils recall previous lessons and engage in a short discussion.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Explains how to calculate the average speed of a moving object using the formula: Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time.	Pupils listen and take notes.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Solves an example on the board: "A cyclist travels 20 km in 1 hour and 30 minutes. What is the average speed?"	Pupils observe the demonstration and solve similar problems in pairs.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Writes the formula for average speed and explains how to handle mixed units (e.g., hours and minutes).	Pupils take notes on how to solve problems with mixed units.

NOTE (On the Board):

Formula for Average Speed: Average Speed = Total Distance ÷ Total Time
Example: "A person walks 10 km in 2 hours. What is the average speed?"
Conversion: 30 minutes = 0.5 hours
Example: 15 km in 1 hour 30 minutes → Total time = 1.5 hours, Total distance = 15 km, Average Speed = 10 km/h

EVALUATION:
• Ask pupils to calculate average speed for different scenarios.
• Provide problems where they need to find distance, speed, and time.

CLASSWORK:
• Pupils complete problems involving average speed calculations.
• Practice with both direct and word problems.

ASSIGNMENT:
• Solve 5 average speed problems and show all working steps.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher commends pupils for solving the problems and encourages continued practice with average speed.

PERIOD 5:

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Introduces the topic of real-life applications of time, distance, and speed, using examples such as travel time and speed limits.	Pupils listen and engage in the discussion on real-life applications.
STEP 2 - EXPLANATION	Discusses how time, speed, and distance are used in everyday situations, like planning a trip or calculating how long it will take to complete a task.	Pupils listen and take notes on how to apply these concepts.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Demonstrates a word problem: "If a train moves at 90 km/h for 3 hours, how far will it travel?"	Pupils follow along and solve a similar problem in pairs.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Explains how to solve quantitative aptitude problems related to time, distance, and speed.	Pupils take notes and solve problems based on the explanation.

NOTE (On the Board):

Real-Life Application Example: "A bus travels at 60 km/h. How far will it travel in 4 hours?"
Word Problem Example: "A car travels 120 km in 3 hours. What is the speed?"
Quantitative Aptitude Problem: "A person runs 5 km in 25 minutes. What is the speed in meters per second?"

EVALUATION:
• Ask pupils to solve real-life problems related to time, speed, and distance.
• Encourage them to apply these concepts to everyday situations like travel and sports.

CLASSWORK:
• Complete a worksheet with real-life problems involving time, speed, and distance.
• Group work to solve a more complex word problem.

ASSIGNMENT:
• Write a short paragraph explaining how understanding time, distance, and speed can help in everyday life.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher praises the pupils for their active participation and problem-solving skills. The teacher reminds the class to continue practicing word problems involving time, distance, and speed.

SUMMARY OF LESSON:

Throughout the week, pupils will learn to find the duration between times, calculate distance covered, and solve problems on speed. They will also apply their knowledge to real-life situations and practice converting units of time. The lessons will culminate in understanding how to apply these concepts to everyday tasks, including travel planning and speed analysis.