Mathematics - Primary 5 - Fractions

Fractions

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Term: 1st Term

Week 6

Class: Primary 5
Age: 10 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Fractions
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Identify the numerator and denominator in a fraction.
  2. Simplify fractions to their simplest form.
  3. Compare and order fractions with like and unlike denominators.
  4. Add and subtract fractions with like denominators.
  5. Convert improper fractions to mixed numbers.
  6. Solve word problems involving fractions.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

  • Demonstration
  • Group activities
  • Problem-solving approach
  • Use of teaching aids (fraction bars, charts, etc.)
  • Interactive discussions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

  • Fraction bars
  • Chart with fraction models
  • Flashcards with fractions
  • Markers, whiteboard, and erasers
  • Worksheet for exercises

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

PERIOD 1 and 2:

PRESENTATION

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Introduces the topic of fractions by explaining what fractions are and discussing the numerator and denominator.

Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Demonstrates identifying the numerator and denominator using a visual model (e.g., pie chart).

Pupils observe the demonstration and identify the numerator and denominator in fractions given.

STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION

Demonstrates how to simplify fractions by dividing the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor (GCF).

Pupils observe the simplification process and practice simplifying fractions on their own.

STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING

Explains how to simplify fractions and then pupils take notes.

Pupils take notes on how to simplify fractions.

NOTE (On the Board):

  • Fraction Basics:
    • Numerator: the top number of the fraction (number of parts we have)
    • Denominator: the bottom number of the fraction (number of equal parts in the whole)
  • Simplifying Fractions:
    • Find the GCF of the numerator and denominator and divide both by the GCF.
    • Example: 6/8 → GCF is 2, so simplify: 6 ÷ 2 = 3, 8 ÷ 2 = 4 → 3/4
      Exercise:
      Simplify these fractions: 12/16, 8/10, 24/36

EVALUATION:

  • Ask pupils to identify the numerator and denominator of fractions.
  • Ask pupils to simplify fractions given on flashcards.

CLASSWORK:

  • Simplify the following fractions: 10/15, 18/24, 20/30

ASSIGNMENT:

  • Simplify five fractions from the newspaper or a storybook.

CONCLUSION:

  • The teacher commends the pupils for their participation and encourages them to practice identifying and simplifying fractions.

 

PERIOD 3 and 4:

PRESENTATION

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Recap the previous lesson on simplifying fractions and introduce comparing and ordering fractions.

Pupils recall fraction basics and engage in a brief discussion.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Explain how to compare fractions with like and unlike denominators using fraction bars.

Pupils listen and take notes on comparing fractions.

STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION

Demonstrate comparing fractions with the same denominator by observing the numerators. Then demonstrate comparing fractions with different denominators by converting them to like denominators.

Pupils observe and practice comparing fractions with both like and unlike denominators.

STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING

Pupils take notes on comparing fractions.

Pupils write down the steps to compare fractions with like and unlike denominators.

NOTE (On the Board):

  • Comparing Fractions (Same Denominator):
    • The fraction with the larger numerator is greater.
    • Example: 3/8 > 2/8
  • Comparing Fractions (Different Denominators):
    • Find a common denominator (LCM of denominators) and then compare.
    • Example: 3/4 and 2/5
      • Find the LCM of 4 and 5 (20).
      • Convert 3/4 to 15/20 and 2/5 to 8/20.
      • 15/20 > 8/20
        Exercise:
        Compare these fractions: 2/5, 3/5, 7/8, 5/8

EVALUATION:

  • Ask pupils to compare fractions with like and unlike denominators.
  • Provide examples for pupils to practice.

CLASSWORK:

  • Compare and order the following fractions: 5/6, 3/4, 1/2, 7/8.
  • Solve a word problem that involves comparing fractions.

ASSIGNMENT:

  • Write three fractions in their simplest form and compare them.

CONCLUSION:

  • The teacher encourages pupils to keep practicing comparing fractions and praises their participation.

 

PERIOD 5:

PRESENTATION

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Introduces adding and subtracting fractions with like denominators.

Pupils listen and engage in a brief discussion on adding and subtracting fractions.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Explains the steps involved in adding and subtracting fractions with like denominators.

Pupils observe the steps and take notes.

STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION

Demonstrates adding and subtracting fractions using visual aids.

Pupils observe and practice adding and subtracting fractions in class.

STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING

Pupils take notes on how to add and subtract fractions with like denominators.

Pupils write down the procedure for adding and subtracting fractions.

NOTE (On the Board):

  • Adding Fractions with Like Denominators:
    • Add the numerators and keep the denominator the same.
    • Example: 3/7 + 2/7 = (3 + 2)/7 = 5/7
  • Subtracting Fractions with Like Denominators:
    • Subtract the numerators and keep the denominator the same.
    • Example: 5/6 - 2/6 = (5 - 2)/6 = 3/6 = 1/2
      Exercise:
  • Add and subtract the following fractions:
    3/8 + 2/8, 5/6 - 1/6, 4/9 + 2/9

EVALUATION:

  • Ask pupils to add and subtract fractions with like denominators.
  • Provide word problems involving adding and subtracting fractions.

CLASSWORK:

  • Add and subtract the following fractions: 7/12 + 4/12, 5/8 - 3/8.

ASSIGNMENT:

  • Solve a word problem involving adding and subtracting fractions.

CONCLUSION:

  • The teacher commends the pupils positively for their active participation and encourages them to practice adding and subtracting fractions.

 

SUMMARY OF LESSON:
This week, the pupils will learn about fractions, including identifying the numerator and denominator, simplifying fractions, comparing and ordering fractions, and performing addition and subtraction with fractions that have like denominators. They'll practice these concepts through interactive exercises and real-life examples.