Mathematics - Primary 5 - Prime Numbers

Term: 1^st Term

Week 5

Class: Primary 5
Age: 10 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Prime Numbers

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Identify even and odd numbers in a given set of numbers.
Categorize prime numbers less than 200 from a given set of numbers.
Solve problems involving Least Common Multiple (LCM) and Highest Common Factor (HCF).
Solve quantitative aptitude problems related to prime numbers and factors.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

Demonstration
• Group activities
• Problem-solving approach
• Interactive discussions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

Flashcards with numbers
• Whiteboard and markers
• Worksheets with problems on prime numbers, LCM, and HCF
• Real-life examples (e.g., objects like balls, fruits for grouping)
• Number charts

PERIOD 1 and 2: Introduction to Prime Numbers and Identifying Even and Odd Numbers

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Introduces the topic by explaining what prime numbers are (numbers greater than 1 with only two factors: 1 and the number itself). Discuss even and odd numbers, and the difference between them.	Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Demonstrates how to identify even and odd numbers in a given set of numbers using examples.	Pupils observe the demonstration and practice identifying even and odd numbers from the given set.
STEP 3 - CATEGORIZING PRIME NUMBERS	Explains how to categorize prime numbers less than 200.	Pupils categorize given numbers as prime or non-prime from flashcards or worksheets.
STEP 4 - GROUP WORK	Pupils will work in pairs to categorize a given set of numbers into prime and non-prime, even, and odd.	Pupils work in pairs, categorizing numbers into the specified groups.

NOTE (On the Board):

Prime numbers are numbers greater than 1 with only two factors: 1 and the number itself (e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7).
Even numbers: Divisible by 2 (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, etc.)
Odd numbers: Not divisible by 2 (e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.)
Prime numbers less than 200: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, ... 199.

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to list prime and non-prime numbers from a set of given numbers.
Solve a few problems on identifying even and odd numbers.

CLASSWORK:

Write down a list of 10 numbers and classify them as prime or non-prime, even or odd.

ASSIGNMENT:

Categorize the following numbers as prime or non-prime: 11, 14, 18, 29, 37, 45, 51, 59.

PERIOD 3: LCM and HCF

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Introduces the concept of LCM (Least Common Multiple) and HCF (Highest Common Factor).	Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Explains how to find the LCM and HCF of two or more numbers using examples.	Pupils observe and take notes on finding the LCM and HCF.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Demonstrates finding LCM and HCF of 12 and 15 using factorization and listing multiples.	Pupils follow the demonstration and attempt similar problems in their notebooks.
STEP 4 - GROUP WORK	Pupils work in small groups to solve problems involving LCM and HCF.	Pupils collaborate in solving LCM and HCF problems.

NOTE (On the Board):

LCM of 12 and 15: List the multiples of each number (12: 12, 24, 36, 48,...; 15: 15, 30, 45,...). The smallest common multiple is 60.
HCF of 12 and 15: List the factors of each number (12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12; 15: 1, 3, 5, 15). The largest common factor is 3.

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to solve a problem on finding LCM and HCF using the examples from the lesson.
Provide different pairs of numbers for students to calculate the LCM and HCF.

CLASSWORK:

Find the LCM and HCF of 20 and 30, 25 and 35.

ASSIGNMENT:

Solve the following: Find the LCM and HCF of 18 and 24, 10 and 50.

PERIOD 4: Quantitative Aptitude Problems Involving Prime Numbers and Factors

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION	Introduces quantitative aptitude problems related to prime numbers and factors.	Pupils listen and ask for clarification of the problem types.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Explains how to solve aptitude problems involving prime numbers and their factors.	Pupils take notes and follow the teacher’s explanation.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Demonstrates solving a problem involving prime numbers in a real-life context (e.g., distribution of objects in groups).	Pupils follow the demonstration and solve the problem with the teacher.
STEP 4 – PRACTICE	Pupils solve problems related to prime numbers and factors individually.	Pupils solve the problems in their notebooks.

NOTE (On the Board):

Prime factors of 30: 2, 3, 5 (since 30 = 2 × 3 × 5).
Example problem: "You have 30 apples. If you want to divide them equally into groups of prime numbers, how many groups can you form?"

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to solve problems on dividing objects into prime factors.
Provide various aptitude problems for pupils to practice.

CLASSWORK:

Solve problems involving the distribution of items into groups based on prime numbers and their factors.

ASSIGNMENT:

Solve the following word problem: "A farmer wants to distribute 50 eggs into boxes, each box containing prime numbers of eggs. What prime numbers of eggs can go into each box?"

PERIOD 5: Application of Prime Numbers in Real-Life Situations

PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION	Introduces real-life problems involving prime numbers (e.g., organizing items in prime-numbered groups).	Pupils listen and prepare to solve real-life problems.
STEP 2 – EXPLANATION	Discusses how prime numbers can be used in various real-life scenarios (e.g., arranging items in prime-numbered groups).	Pupils take notes and prepare to solve examples.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Solves a real-life example problem involving prime numbers.	Pupils follow along with the teacher’s solution and ask questions.
STEP 4 - GROUP WORK	Pupils work in groups to solve a problem involving prime numbers in a real-life context.	Pupils collaborate and share their solutions.

NOTE (On the Board):

Real-life Example: "A gardener wants to plant flowers in rows. Each row must contain a prime number of flowers. If he wants 30 flowers, how can he arrange them?"
Possible arrangements: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, etc.

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to create their own real-life problems involving prime numbers and solve them.
Encourage discussion on different ways prime numbers can be applied in daily life.

CLASSWORK:

Create a problem involving prime numbers in a real-life situation (e.g., sharing or distributing items).

ASSIGNMENT:

Write a short paragraph describing a real-life scenario where prime numbers could be used.

SUMMARY OF LESSON:

This week, pupils learned about prime numbers, identifying even and odd numbers, categorizing prime numbers less than 200, and solving problems involving LCM and HCF. They also applied these concepts in real-life situations, solving quantitative aptitude problems and discussing how prime numbers are used in everyday scenarios.