Mathematics - Primary 5 - Roman Numerals

Term: 1^st Term

Week 2

Class: Primary 5
Age: 10 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Roman Numerals

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Convert Arabic numbers to Roman numerals.
Convert Roman numerals to Arabic numbers.
Add and subtract Roman numerals.
Solve quantitative aptitude problems related to Roman numerals.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

Demonstration
Group activities
Problem-solving approach
Use of teaching aids (flashcards, charts, etc.)
Interactive discussions

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

Flashcards with Roman numerals
Chart with Roman numeral symbols
Whiteboard and markers
Worksheet for exercises
Real-life objects to demonstrate practical applications of Roman numerals

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

PERIOD 1 and 2: PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION	Introduces the topic of Roman numerals and their usage in real life (e.g., clocks, dates).	Pupils listen and ask questions for clarification.
STEP 2 - EXPLANATION	Demonstrates how to convert Arabic numbers (e.g., 7, 15, 25) to Roman numerals (VII, XV, XXV).	Pupils observe and practice converting Arabic numbers to Roman numerals.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Demonstrates how to convert Roman numerals to Arabic numbers.	Pupils practice converting Roman numerals back to Arabic numbers (e.g., XIII = 13).
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Explains the structure and rules of Roman numerals. Pupils take notes.	Pupils write down the rules for converting numbers to Roman numerals.

NOTE (On the Board):

Roman Numerals: I, V, X, L, C, D, M
Example: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000
Roman Numerals are written from left to right, starting with the largest.
Example: VII = 5 + 2 = 7
Exercise: Convert 24 to Roman numerals → XXIV

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to convert Arabic numbers to Roman numerals and vice versa.
Solve problems involving Roman numeral conversion.

CLASSWORK:

Convert five Arabic numbers to Roman numerals.
Convert five Roman numerals to Arabic numbers.

ASSIGNMENT:

Write five Roman numerals and their Arabic number equivalents.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher commends the pupils for their participation and provides feedback.

PERIOD 3 and 4: PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION	Recaps converting numbers between Arabic and Roman numerals and introduces the concept of addition and subtraction of Roman numerals.	Pupils recall the previous lesson and ask questions.
STEP 2 - EXPLANATION	Demonstrates how to add and subtract Roman numerals.	Pupils observe the demonstration and take notes.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Demonstrates addition (e.g., V + III = VIII) and subtraction (e.g., IX - V = IV) with examples.	Pupils practice addition and subtraction using Roman numerals.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Provides examples and asks pupils to solve similar problems.	Pupils take notes on addition and subtraction rules.

NOTE (On the Board):

Addition: V + III = VIII (5 + 3 = 8)
Subtraction: IX - V = IV (9 - 5 = 4)
Exercise: Add and subtract: XII + V, XIX - X

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to solve addition and subtraction problems on the board.
Discuss challenges and encourage group problem-solving.

CLASSWORK:

Solve 5 problems on Roman numerals involving addition and subtraction.

ASSIGNMENT:

Solve 5 Roman numeral addition/subtraction problems for homework.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher praises the pupils for their efforts and provides feedback on their work.

PERIOD 5: PRESENTATION

Step	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity
STEP 1 - INTRODUCTION	Recap the addition and subtraction rules and move to solving quantitative aptitude problems related to Roman numerals.	Pupils engage in a brief recap of Roman numerals.
STEP 2 - EXPLANATION	Solve quantitative aptitude problems involving Roman numerals with a focus on practical application.	Pupils observe the explanation and take notes.
STEP 3 - DEMONSTRATION	Solve a real-life problem involving Roman numerals (e.g., dates on a clock).	Pupils work in pairs to solve similar real-life problems.
STEP 4 - NOTE TAKING	Discuss real-life applications of Roman numerals. Pupils take notes on problem-solving strategies.	Pupils write down the problem-solving steps and methods.

NOTE (On the Board):

Example: "The clock shows VII:XV, what time is it?" Answer: 7:15.
Quantitative Aptitude Problem: If the year is XLV and the number of days is XXV, how many days have passed in the year?

EVALUATION:

Ask pupils to solve similar real-life problems involving Roman numerals.
Provide immediate feedback.

CLASSWORK:

Solve 3 aptitude problems involving Roman numerals.

ASSIGNMENT:

Write down 5 real-life problems involving Roman numerals for practice.

CONCLUSION:
The teacher commends the pupils for their active participation and encourages them to keep practicing solving quantitative problems with Roman numerals.