Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Primary 4
Human body-the mouth + Drug education + Scratch programming
Human body-the mouth + Drug education + Scratch programming
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 8
Class: Primary 4
Age: 9 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 3 periods
Date:
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Topic:- Human body-the mouth
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, playway method, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Charts/pictures of the mouth, teeth and lips, charts and posters on drug education
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
PERIOD 1: Tongue and lips
PRESENTATION | TEACHER’S ACTIVITY | PUPIL’S ACTIVITY |
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION | The teacher revises the previous lesson on digestion | Pupils pay attention |
STEP 2 EXPLANATION | She explains the meaning of tongue and lip Tongue is a fleshy movable muscular process of the floor of the mouths of most vertebrates that bears sensory end organs and small glands and functions especially in taking and swallowing food and in humans as a speech organ.
The lips is either of two fleshy folds that surround the mouth in humans and many other vertebrates and are organs of human speech essential to certain articulations | Pupils pay attention and participates |
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION | She further describes parts of the tongue and their functions The tongue is made up of three elements:
Epithelium The epithelium comprises papillae and taste buds. The taste buds help to sense taste. They are lined by squamous epithelial tissue and have a broad bottom. The taste cells are slender, rod-shaped with a nucleus in the centre. The free surface comprises short taste hair. The taste cells help in detecting taste, which dissolves in saliva for proper sensation. Muscles The tongue muscles are voluntary and contain cross-striated muscular fibres. Glands The tongue consists of small and scattered glands. These glands are of three types:
The lymph nodes are very prominent at the posterior part of the tongue and are known as lingual tonsils.
| Pupils pay attention and participate |
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING | The teacher writes a short note on the board | The pupils copy the note in their books |
NOTE
Meaning of tongue and lip
Tongue is a fleshy movable muscular process of the floor of the mouths of most vertebrates that bears sensory end organs and small glands and functions especially in taking and swallowing food and in humans as a speech organ.
The lips is either of two fleshy folds that surround the mouth in humans and
many other vertebrates and are organs of human speech essential to
certain articulations
Parts of the tongue and their functions
The tongue is made up of three elements:
Epithelium
The epithelium comprises papillae and taste buds. The taste buds help to sense taste. They are lined by squamous epithelial tissue and have a broad bottom.
The taste cells are slender, rod-shaped with a nucleus in the centre. The free surface comprises short taste hair. The taste cells help in detecting taste, which dissolves in saliva for proper sensation.
Muscles
The tongue muscles are voluntary and contain cross-striated muscular fibres.
Glands
The tongue consists of small and scattered glands. These glands are of three types:
The lymph nodes are very prominent at the posterior part of the tongue and are known as lingual tonsils.
EVALUATION: 1. Explain the meaning of ‘tongue’ and ‘lip’
CLASS ACTIVITY: Pupils as individuals represent the tongue and lip on a cardboard
CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively
PERIOD 2 and 3: Drug education. Scratch programming
PRESENTATION | TEACHER’S ACTIVITY | PUPIL’S ACTIVITY |
STEP 1 INTRODUCTION | The teacher revisits the previous lesson on ways preventive measures for drugs | Pupils pay attention |
STEP 2 EXPLANATION | The teacher highlights ways drugs can be taken into the body Drugs can be 1. smoked 2. snorted 3. injected 4. swallowed (pills, capsules, liquids) 5. transdermal means (applied to the skin).
She explains the meaning of alcohol and tobacco Alcohol is A chemical substance found in drinks such as beer, wine, and liquor. It is also found in some medicines, mouthwashes, household products, and essential oils (scented liquid taken from certain plants). It is made by a chemical process called fermentation that uses sugars and yeast.
Tobacco is a chemical substance found in drinks such as beer, wine, and liquor. It is also found in some medicines, mouthwashes, household products, and essential oils (scented liquid taken from certain plants). It is made by a chemical process called fermentation that uses sugars and yeast.
She further explains the reasons why people drink and smoke 1. People may drink or smoke in an attempt to “self-medicate” to alleviate their feelings of depression. Depression, anxiety, Post traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD), stress of daily life are associated with cravings for alcohol and nicotine 2. Peer pressure- others are doing it 3. Their parents did She further explains the effect of tobacco Effects of tobacco It causes 1. cancer 2. heart disease 3. stroke 4. lung diseases 5. diabetes 6. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 7. It increases risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems of the immune system, including rheumatoid arthritis. Effects of alcohol 1. increased risk of diabetes and weight gain. 2. impotence and other problems with sexual performance. 3. cancers such as stomach cancer, bowel cancer, breast cancer, mouth cancer, throat cancer, oesophageal cancer and liver cancer. 4. fertility issues such as reduced sperm count and reduced testosterone levels in men | Pupils pay attention and participates |
STEP 3 DEMONSTRATION | The teacher explains the meaning of scratch programming language Scratch is a programming language where we can create animations, stories, video games with the help of different features available in this programming language. Components of the scratch screen or the scratch program are as follows: block palette, script area, stage, sprite list, tools, etc. | Pupils pay attention and participate |
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING | The teacher writes a short note on the board | The pupils copy the note in their books |
NOTE
Ways drugs can be taken into the body
Drugs can be
Alcohol and tobacco
Alcohol is A chemical substance found in drinks such as beer, wine, and liquor. It is also found in some medicines, mouthwashes, household products, and essential oils (scented liquid taken from certain plants). It is made by a chemical process called fermentation that uses sugars and yeast.
Tobacco is a chemical substance found in drinks such as beer, wine, and liquor. It is also found in some medicines, mouthwashes, household products, and essential oils (scented liquid taken from certain plants). It is made by a chemical process called fermentation that uses sugars and yeast.
Reasons why people drink and smoke
Effects of tobacco
It causes
Effects of alcohol
levels in men
Scratch programming language
Scratch is a programming language where we can create animations, stories, video games with the help of different features available in this programming language.
Components of the scratch screen or the scratch program are as follows:
block palette, script area, stage, sprite list, tools, etc.
EVALUATION: 1. Describe the ways drugs can be taken into the body?
CLASS ACTIVITY: Pupils in pairs, identify the 3S of scratch.
CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively
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