Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Primary 4

Mixture + Physical fitness + Virus

Term: 2nd Term

Week: 4

Class: Primary 4

Age: 9 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 3 periods

Date:

Subject: Basic Science and Technology

Topic:-       Mixture

  • Physical fitness
  • Virus

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Explain the meaning of mixture
  2. Enumerate examples of mixtures
  3. Explain how mixtures form new things
  4. Explain what Physical fitness is
  5. Mention components of physical fitness
  6. Demonstrate the components of physical fitness
  7. Explain the meaning of virus
  8. Outline the different types of virus and their causes

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, playway method, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: yoga mat, bench dip, charts, pictures, whistle, cereals, milk, flour, butter, cream, sugar, coffee, cream, honey, tea, gravel, water, water colour etc

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1: Mixtures

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

PUPIL’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher revises the previous lesson on soil preparations

 

Pupils pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

The teacher explains the meaning of mixtures

A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components

 

Pupils pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She then gives examples of common mixtures

Common food mixtures

  • Oil and water
  • Lemon juice and tea
  • Honey and tea
  • Milk and chocolate
  • Coffee and cream
  • Cream and sugar
  • Flour and butter
  • Cereal and milk
  • Oatmeal and raisins
  • Flour and milk
  • Orange juice and champagne
  • Sugar and water
  • Sugar and tea
  • Tonic water and lime juice
  • Soda and vanilla syrup

 

Other common mixtures

  • Smoke and fog (Smog)
  • Dirt and water (Mud)
  • Sand, water and gravel (Cement)
  • Water and salt (Sea water)
  • Potassium nitrate, sulfur, and carbon (Gunpowder)
  • Oxygen and water (Sea foam)
  • Petroleum, hydrocarbons, and fuel additives (Gasoline)
  • Minerals, organic materials, air, water, and living organisms (Soil)
  • Chlorine, caustic soda, and water (Bleach)
  • Plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets (Blood)

 

The further describes the two forms of mixtures

1. A heterogeneous mixture is such that the components can be separated from one another. A bowl of Cheerios, for example, is heterogeneous because you can literally pull out the individual pieces of cereal from the milk.

 

2. Homogenous mixture-These are mixtures that are uniform throughout their composition. An example of a homogeneous mixture would be something like lemonade. Once mixed, you can’t easily separate the lemon juice from the water; it's uniformly mixed. Another example is the air we breathe. It’s a homogenous mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and other gases.

Pupils pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a short note on the board

The pupils copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

Mixtures

A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components

Common food mixtures

  • Oil and water
  • Lemon juice and tea
  • Honey and tea
  • Milk and chocolate
  • Coffee and cream
  • Cream and sugar
  • Flour and butter
  • Cereal and milk
  • Oatmeal and raisins
  • Flour and milk
  • Orange juice and champagne
  • Sugar and water
  • Sugar and tea
  • Tonic water and lime juice
  • Soda and vanilla syrup

 

Other common mixtures

  • Smoke and fog (Smog)
  • Dirt and water (Mud)
  • Sand, water and gravel (Cement)
  • Water and salt (Sea water)
  • Potassium nitrate, sulfur, and carbon (Gunpowder)
  • Oxygen and water (Sea foam)
  • Petroleum, hydrocarbons, and fuel additives (Gasoline)
  • Minerals, organic materials, air, water, and living organisms (Soil)
  • Chlorine, caustic soda, and water (Bleach)
  • Plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets (Blood)

 

Forms of mixtures

  1. A heterogeneous mixture is such that the components can be separated from one another. A bowl of Cheerios, for example, is heterogeneous because you can literally pull out the individual pieces of cereal from the milk.

 

  1. Homogenous mixture-These are mixtures that are uniform throughout

their composition. An example of a homogeneous mixture would be

something like lemonade. Once mixed, you can’t easily separate the lemon

juice from the water; it's uniformly mixed. Another example is the air we

breathe. It’s a homogenous mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon

dioxide, and other gases.

 

EVALUATION:    1. What are Mixtures?

  1. List eight common mixtures you know
  2. Differentiate using examples between the two forms of mixtures

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively

 

PERIOD 2 and 3: Physical fitness. Virus

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

PUPIL’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher revisits the previous lesson on long distance race

 

Pupils pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She further explains what physical fitness is- Physical fitness is the ability of the body to function both effectively and efficiently when performing physical activity without becoming exhausted too quickly.

 

She then demonstrates the components of physical fitness using various activities

1. Agility: It is defined as the ability to move with speed and ease. Activities that build agility are lateral running, jump box drills etc

2. Endurance: It is the ability to put up with strain, suffering, or hardship. Activities that build endurance are long hike, walking briskly, biking, jumping rope etc

3. Strength: It is how strong one is. Activities that build strength are weight lifting, cycling, push-ups, sit ups etc

4. Flexibility: It is the ability to move the joints freely. Activities that build flexibility are yoga, pilates, stretching etc

Pupils pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

The teacher explains the meaning of virus and types

A computer virus is a type of malicious software, or malware, that spreads between computers and causes damage to data and software. Computer viruses aim to disrupt systems, cause major operational issues, and result in data loss and leakage

Types of virus

  • Direct Action Virus.
  • Polymorphic Virus.  
  • File Infector Virus.
  • Multipartite Virus.
  • Macro Virus.

Causes of Virus

  • Inserting unknown USB and other devices
  • Installing applications from non-trusted sources
  • Visiting Malicious websites
  • Not updating software and antiviruses
  • Booting data from unknown CD’s

Pupils pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a short note on the board

The pupils copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

PHYSICAL FITNESS

Physical fitness is the ability of the body to function both effectively and efficiently when performing physical activity without becoming exhausted too quickly.

 

Components of physical fitness using various activities

  1. Agility: It is defined as the ability to move with speed and ease. Activities that build agility are lateral running, jump box drills etc
  2. Endurance: It is the ability to put up with strain, suffering, or hardship. Activities that build endurance are long hike, walking briskly, biking, jumping rope etc
  3. Strength: It is how strong one is. Activities that build strength are weight lifting, cycling, push-ups, sit ups etc
  4. Flexibility: It is the ability to move the joints freely. Activities that build flexibility are yoga, pilates, stretching etc

 

A computer virus is a type of malicious software, or malware, that spreads between computers and causes damage to data and software. Computer viruses aim to disrupt systems, cause major operational issues, and result in data loss and leakage

Types of virus

  • Direct Action Virus.
  • Polymorphic Virus.  
  • File Infector Virus.
  • Multipartite Virus.
  • Macro Virus.

Causes of Virus

  • Inserting unknown USB and other devices
  • Installing applications from non-trusted sources
  • Visiting Malicious websites
  • Not updating software and antiviruses
  • Booting data from unknown CD’s

 

EVALUATION:    1. Define Physical fitness

  1. Explain the meaning of Virus
  2. List four types of virus
  3. What are the causes of virus?

CLASS ACTIVITY: Pupils in pairs, demonstrate these components of physical fitness

  1. endurance
  2. agility
  3. strength
  4. flexibility

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively



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