Mathematics - Primary 4 - Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

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Term: 1st Term

Week: 10

Class: Primary 4
Age: 9 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Date:
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Highest Common Factor (HCF)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. ) Write factors of numbers from 1–99.
  2. ) Identify common factors of two or more numbers.
  3. ) Find the HCF of numbers.
  4. ) Solve quantitative aptitude problems involving HCF.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Explanation, demonstration, pair work, class discussion.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Factor charts, number grid, flashcards, textbook.

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1 and 2:

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

PUPIL’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Reviews multiplication facts.

Pupils participate actively.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Defines factor and shows how to list factors of a number.

Pupils observe and respond.

STEP 3 – DEMONSTRATION

Lists all factors of numbers like 12, 18, 20.

Pupils practice with the teacher.

STEP 4 – NOTE TAKING

Pupils write down definitions and examples.

Pupils write notes.

NOTE:
A factor is a number that divides another number without a remainder.
Examples:

  • Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
  • Factors of 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

EVALUATION:
List all factors of:

  1. 24
  2. 30
  3. 40

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
ASSIGNMENT: List the factors of:

  1. 36
  2. 42
  3. 48

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively.

PERIOD 3 and 4:

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

PUPIL’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Revises factors of numbers.

Pupils recall and answer.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Explains common factors and HCF.

Pupils listen attentively.

STEP 3 – DEMONSTRATION

Finds common factors and HCF of: a. 12 and 16 b. 18 and 24

Pupils solve with teacher.

STEP 4 – NOTE TAKING

Pupils copy notes and examples.

Pupils write in notebooks.

NOTE:
HCF is the highest number that divides two or more numbers without remainder.
Example:

  • HCF of 12 and 16 = 4
  • HCF of 18 and 24 = 6

EVALUATION:
Find the HCF of:

  1. 16 and 24
  2. 20 and 30
  3. 18 and 36

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
ASSIGNMENT: Find the HCF of:

  1. 24 and 60
  2. 15, 30, and 45
  3. 36 and 48

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively.

PERIOD 5:

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

PUPIL’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1 – INTRODUCTION

Recaps HCF and its use.

Pupils answer questions.

STEP 2 – EXPLANATION

Gives real-life word problems involving HCF.

Pupils participate.

STEP 3 – DEMONSTRATION

Solves: “Three boys are skipping at intervals of 12, 16, and 20. What is the highest number of jumps they can do together?”

Pupils follow along.

STEP 4 – NOTE TAKING

Guides pupils to write problem-solving steps.

Pupils write notes.

NOTE:
Example:

  • A teacher has 24 crayons and 36 pencils. She wants to pack them equally without any remainder. How many packs can she make?
    → HCF of 24 and 36 = 12

EVALUATION:
Solve:

  1. Find HCF of 30 and 50
  2. A baker has 18 small cakes and 24 big cakes. What’s the greatest number of trays he can use?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
ASSIGNMENT: Solve:

  1. HCF of 16 and 32
  2. 3 buses arrive at school every 12, 18, and 24 minutes. After how many minutes will they arrive together?

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the pupils positively.