Basic Science and Technology - Junior Secondary 3 - Sound energy

Sound energy

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TERM: 2ND TERM

WEEK: 6

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 3

AGE: 14 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Basic Science

TOPIC: Sound energy

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

  1. ) Define sound
  2. ) Describe how sound is produced
  3. ) Discuss how sound is transmitted
  4. ) Explain the concept of hearing

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Basic Science textbooks for Junior Secondary School 3

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

PUPIL’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

Review

The teacher revises the previous lesson.

Learners pay attention

STEP 2

Introduction

He defines sound and describes how sound is produced.

Learners pay attention and participate

STEP 3

Explanation

He discusses how sound is transmitted and explains the concept of hearing

Learners pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a short note on the board for the learners to copy

The learners copy the note from the board

 

NOTE

SOUND ENERGY
Sound is a type of energy that travels as waves through a medium, such as air, water, or solid materials. It is produced by vibrating objects and is perceived by our ears when the waves reach them. Sound waves are longitudinal, meaning that the particles of the medium move back and forth in the same direction as the wave travels.

 

How Sound is Produced:
Sound is produced when an object vibrates, causing the surrounding particles in the medium (air, water, or solid) to also vibrate. These vibrations create compressions (where particles are pushed together) and rarefactions (where particles are spread apart) in the medium, generating a sound wave that travels outward from the source. Examples include the vibration of vocal cords when we speak, or a drum membrane vibrating when struck.

 

How Sound is Transmitted:
Sound is transmitted through a medium by the movement of particles. When an object vibrates, it creates pressure waves that move through the medium in all directions. As each particle in the medium vibrates, it passes energy to the next particle, continuing the sound wave's movement. Sound travels fastest through solids, slower through liquids, and slowest through gases due to the varying density of the particles in each medium. In a vacuum, there is no medium, so sound cannot travel.

 

The Concept of Hearing:
Hearing is the process by which sound waves are detected and interpreted by the auditory system. When sound waves reach the ear, they enter the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transferred through the small bones in the middle ear (the hammer, anvil, and stirrup) to the cochlea, a fluid-filled structure in the inner ear. The vibrations in the cochlear fluid stimulate tiny hair cells, which convert the vibrations into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve, where they are interpreted as sound.

 

EVALUATION:

  1. What causes sound to be produced, and how do vibrations play a role in this process?
  2. How does the transmission of sound differ between solids, liquids, and gases, and why does sound travel fastest through solids?
  3. Explain how sound waves are transformed into electrical signals in the ear and discuss the role of the cochlea in the hearing process.
  4. Why is a medium necessary for sound to travel, and what happens to sound in a vacuum?
  5. Describe the steps involved in the hearing process, from the arrival of sound waves at the ear to the interpretation of sound by the brain.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively