Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary 3

Foundation

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TERM – 2ND TERM

WEEK TWO

Class: Junior Secondary School 3

Age: 14 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

Topic: FOUNDATION

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Define a foundation
  2. Identify the types of foundation.
  3. Discuss the uses of foundation

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers,

demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S

ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher explains the meaning of foundation to the students.

Students pay

attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

Teacher identify and discusses the types of foundation

Students pay

attention and

participate

 

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

Teacher discusses the uses of foundation with the students.

Students pay

attention and

participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized

note on the board

The students

copy the note in

their books

 

NOTE

FOUNDATION

A foundation is the structural component of a building that transfers the load of the structure to the underlying soil or rock. It serves to support and distribute the building's weight, preventing settlement or movement.

Types of Foundations

1. Strip Foundation: A continuous strip of concrete that supports load-bearing walls.

2. Pad Foundation: A single block of concrete under a column or point load.

3. Raft Foundation: A slab covering the entire footprint of the building, distributing loads evenly.

4. Pile Foundation: Long, slender columns driven or bored into the ground to support heavy loads.

5. Pier Foundation: Similar to pile foundations but with larger diameter columns.

6. Caisson Foundation: A watertight retaining structure sunk into the ground for bridge or pier support.

Uses of Foundations

  1. Foundations distribute the weight of the building and its contents evenly to prevent settlement.
  2. They anchor the building against external forces like wind, earthquakes, or soil movement.
  3. Foundations prevent uneven settling of the structure by providing a stable base.
  4. Elevating the building above the ground level helps protect it from moisture and potential damage.
  5. Foundations support load-bearing walls and columns, ensuring they have a stable base.
  6. Certain foundation types, like insulated slab-on-grade, provide thermal insulation for energy efficiency.

EVALUATION: 1. What is a foundation?

  1. Mention 5 types of foundation and explain them
  2. Mention 5 uses of a foundation.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively