Home Economics - Junior Secondary 3 - Sewing machine and garment construction processes

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 9

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 3

AGE: 14 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Sewing machine and garment construction processes

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) Define sewing machine
2. ) Mention and explain the types of sewing machines
3. ) List and explain the parts of a sewing machine
4. ) Draw and label properly a sewing machine
5. ) Outline the guidelines in the choice of sewing machines

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 3

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

SEWING MACHINE AND GARMENT CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES
A sewing machine is a mechanical or electrical device used to stitch fabric together using thread. It is an essential tool in garment making, quilting, and other textile projects, enabling faster, more efficient stitching compared to hand sewing.

Types of Sewing Machines

There are several types of sewing machines, each designed for specific tasks. Here are the common types:

• Manual Sewing Machine: Operated by a foot pedal and requires manual control of the needle and stitch length. This type is often used for basic stitching tasks.
• Electric Sewing Machine: Operates using an electric motor, which powers the sewing mechanism. It often has adjustable settings for stitch length, speed, and type.
• Computerized Sewing Machine: Includes advanced features like automatic threading, pattern selection, and customizable stitch options, all controlled via a digital display or touchscreen.
• Overlock (Serger) Sewing Machine: Primarily used for finishing edges, hemming, and creating professional seams. It can stitch, trim, and overcast fabric edges simultaneously.
• Embroidery Sewing Machine: Specialized for creating intricate embroidery designs on fabric, often with programmable designs.
• Quilting Sewing Machine: Designed for quilting tasks, it has features like a larger throat area and various quilting-specific stitch patterns.

Parts of a Sewing Machine

A sewing machine consists of various parts that work together to stitch fabric. Here are the key components:

1. Needle: The part that penetrates the fabric to create stitches.
2. Presser Foot: Holds the fabric in place as the needle stitches through it.
3. Feed Dogs: These are teeth-like mechanisms that move the fabric forward as it is stitched.
4. Bobbin: A small spool of thread that sits in the bottom of the machine, providing the second half of the stitch.
5. Bobbin Case: Holds the bobbin in place under the needle plate.
6. Thread Tension Dial: Adjusts the tension of the thread to ensure smooth stitching.
7. Needle Plate: The flat surface under the needle that guides the fabric and has holes for the needle to pass through.
8. Handwheel: Controls the movement of the needle manually.
9. Foot Pedal: Controls the sewing machine's speed by adjusting the amount of pressure applied with the foot.
10. Stitch Selector: A dial or button used to select different stitch types (e.g., straight stitch, zigzag stitch).
11. Take-Up Lever: Moves the top thread through the machine and helps maintain thread tension.
12. Thread Guides: Help route the thread properly through the machine to the needle.
13. Spool Pin: Holds the spool of thread in place for the machine to sew with.

Guidelines in the Choice of Sewing Machines

When choosing a sewing machine, consider the following factors:

1. Purpose of Use: Determine what tasks the machine will be used for, such as general sewing, quilting, or embroidery. Different machines are designed for different functions.
2. Machine Features: Look for features such as adjustable stitch length, automatic needle threading, reverse stitching, and automatic buttonholes for convenience.
3. Ease of Use: Consider how user-friendly the machine is, especially if you're a beginner. Machines with clear instructions, digital displays, and automated functions tend to be easier to operate.
4. Speed Control: Choose a machine with adjustable speed settings, especially if you need fine control over stitching for delicate fabrics.
5. Durability and Build Quality: Ensure the machine is durable enough to handle the frequency of use, especially if you plan to sew heavy fabrics like denim or canvas.
6. Price and Budget: Sewing machines come in various price ranges. Set a budget and choose a machine that offers the best value for the features you need.
7. Brand Reputation and Reviews: Research the reputation of the brand and read reviews from other users to gauge reliability and performance.
8. Maintenance and Support: Choose a machine with good customer service and availability of replacement parts, especially if it’s a high-end model.

EVALUATION:

1. What factors should be considered when choosing a sewing machine for quilting versus general garment construction?
2. Explain the difference between an overlock sewing machine and a standard sewing machine. In what situations would each be best utilized?
3. List and explain the functions of three key parts of a sewing machine that directly impact the quality of stitching.
4. How does the tension dial on a sewing machine affect the stitching process? What problems can arise from incorrect tension settings?
5. What are the advantages of using a computerized sewing machine over a manual sewing machine?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively