History - Junior Secondary 3 - Trade routes in the Trans-Atlantic trade

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 9 and 10

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 3

AGE: 14 years

DURATION: 40 minutes

DATE:

SUBJECT: History

TOPIC:  Trade routes in the Trans-Atlantic trade

Effects of the Trans-Atlantic trade

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) Discuss each of the trade routes in the Trans-Atlantic trade
2. ) Enumerate the effects of the Trans-Atlantic trade

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Basic History for Junior Secondary Schools 3 by Ijeoma E.O

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

WEEK 9

NOTE

Trade Routes in the Trans-Atlantic Trade

The Trans-Atlantic Trade, particularly the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, was characterized by a triangular trade system that involved three main regions: Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Each leg of the journey was critical to the overall operation of this trade system. The primary trade routes included:

A. Europe to Africa

• Description: European merchants set sail from various ports, including Lisbon (Portugal), London (Britain), and Nantes (France), to West Africa.
• Goods Traded: They brought manufactured goods such as textiles, metal tools, firearms, alcohol, and luxury items.
• Purpose: These goods were exchanged for enslaved Africans, who were either captured through warfare or purchased from local leaders. The trade established strong economic ties between European powers and African kingdoms, altering local power dynamics and trade relationships.

B. Africa to the Americas (Middle Passage)

• Description: This leg of the journey, known as the Middle Passage, involved the brutal transport of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
• Conditions: The conditions on slave ships were horrific; individuals were often shackled and forced into cramped quarters, leading to disease outbreaks, malnutrition, and high mortality rates. It's estimated that about 15-20% of enslaved individuals died during the journey.
• Arrival: Upon arrival, enslaved Africans were sold at auctions and transported to plantations and farms to provide labor for various agricultural enterprises.

C. Americas to Europe

• Description: The final leg of the triangular trade involved the shipment of raw materials and cash crops from the Americas back to Europe.
• Commodities Traded: Key commodities included sugar, tobacco, cotton, and rum. Sugar was particularly significant, fueling the European demand and leading to increased plantation farming in the Caribbean and southern colonies.
• Economic Impact: The influx of these goods contributed to the wealth of European economies and promoted further exploration and exploitation of resources in the New World

EVALUATION:

1. Describe the triangular trade system and explain the significance of each leg of the journey in the Trans-Atlantic Trade.
2. What types of goods were commonly traded from Europe to Africa, and how did these goods impact African societies?
3. Discuss the conditions enslaved Africans faced during the Middle Passage. What factors contributed to the high mortality rates on these voyages?
4. How did the arrival of enslaved Africans in the Americas change the agricultural landscape and economic practices in the New World?
5. Identify and explain at least three key commodities exported from the Americas to Europe. How did these commodities influence European economies?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively

WEEK 10

NOTE

Effects of the Trans-Atlantic Trade

The Trans-Atlantic Trade had profound and lasting effects on the societies involved. Some of the significant effects included:

A. Economic Impact

1. Wealth Accumulation: European nations and merchants profited immensely from the trade, leading to the growth of economies in Europe, particularly in Britain, France, and Portugal.

2. Plantation Economy: The establishment of plantations in the Americas led to the intensive cultivation of cash crops, which became the backbone of the colonial economy.

B. Social and Demographic Changes

3. Population Displacement: The forced migration of millions of Africans resulted in significant demographic shifts in both Africa and the Americas, leading to the loss of labor and cultural practices in African communities.

4. Cultural Exchange: The introduction of African cultures, languages, and traditions in the Americas led to the development of new cultural identities, particularly in areas like music, religion, and cuisine.

C. Political Consequences

5. Disruption of African Societies: The demand for enslaved individuals destabilized many African societies, leading to increased warfare, the rise of powerful kingdoms, and the exploitation of local populations.

6. Colonial Tensions: The profits generated by the Trans-Atlantic Trade contributed to rivalries between European powers, which affected their colonial ambitions and led to conflicts in the Americas and beyond.

D. Human Rights and Ethical Implications

7. Human Rights Violations: The trade resulted in severe human rights abuses, including the dehumanization of enslaved individuals and the establishment of a system based on racial inequality and exploitation.

8. Legacy of Racism: The ideologies and practices established during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade laid the groundwork for systemic racism and discrimination that persisted long after the abolition of slavery.

E. Long-Term Effects

9. Abolition Movements: The trade spurred abolitionist movements in the late 18th and 19th centuries, leading to the eventual abolition of the slave trade and slavery in many countries.

10. Modern Implications: The legacy of the Trans-Atlantic Trade continues to affect social, economic, and political dynamics in contemporary societies, particularly in discussions surrounding racial justice and equality.

EVALUATION:

1. Analyze the economic impact of the Trans-Atlantic Trade on European nations. How did the trade contribute to the growth of European economies?
2. What were the social and demographic changes resulting from the forced migration of enslaved Africans to the Americas?
3. Discuss the political consequences of the Trans-Atlantic Trade for African societies. How did the demand for enslaved individuals affect local power dynamics?
4. Explain the human rights implications of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. What lasting effects did this trade have on modern societal attitudes toward race and equality?
5. How did the legacy of the Trans-Atlantic Trade contribute to the emergence of abolition movements in the 18th and 19th centuries? What were the key factors that led to the eventual abolition of slavery?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively