Basic Science and Technology - Junior Secondary 3 - Environmental hazard IV

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 7

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 3

AGE: 14 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Basic Science

TOPIC: Environmental hazard V- deforestation

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

) Define deforestation
) Give reasons for deforestation
) Outline the effects and regulation of deforestation

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Basic Science textbooks for Junior Secondary School 3

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	PUPIL’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 Review	The teacher revises the previous lesson.	Learners pay attention
STEP 2 Introduction	He defines deforestation and gives reasons for it	Learners pay attention and participate
STEP 3 Explanation	He outlines the effects and regulations of deforestation	Learners pay attention and participate
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a short note on the board for the learners to copy	The learners copy the note from the board

NOTE

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD IV- DEFORESTATION

Deforestation is the clearing or removal of forests and trees from an area, often to make way for agricultural activities, urban development, or industrial use. This process results in the permanent destruction of forested lands, reducing biodiversity and impacting ecosystems.

Reasons for Deforestation

Deforestation occurs due to several reasons, including:

Agriculture: Clearing land to grow crops or graze livestock, which requires large tracts of cleared land.
Logging: Harvesting timber for paper, furniture, and building materials.
Urban Expansion: Converting forests into residential and industrial areas to support growing populations.
Infrastructure Development: Building roads, highways, and other infrastructure often leads to forest clearing.
Mining: Extracting minerals and other resources necessitates clearing forested land, especially in mineral-rich areas.

Effects and Regulation of Deforestation

Effects:

Environmental Impact: Loss of biodiversity as plants and animals lose their natural habitats; increased greenhouse gas emissions due to reduced carbon absorption; disruption of water cycles, leading to increased risk of floods and droughts.
Climate Change: Trees store carbon, so removing them releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
Soil Degradation: Loss of tree cover makes soil more prone to erosion, reducing soil fertility and agricultural productivity.
Social Impact: Indigenous communities who depend on forests for their livelihood can be displaced, leading to cultural and economic disruptions.

Regulation:

Afforestation and Reforestation: Planting trees to restore deforested areas and create new forests.
Sustainable Forestry Practices: Implementing selective logging and controlled harvesting to minimize environmental impact.
Legislation: Enforcing laws and policies that restrict deforestation in protected areas and promote sustainable land use.
Public Awareness: Educating communities and industries about the benefits of conservation and sustainable practices to reduce the demand for deforestation.

EVALUATION:

What is deforestation, and how does it impact ecosystems and biodiversity?
List and explain at least three primary reasons for deforestation.
How does deforestation contribute to climate change, and what are the consequences of this relationship?
Describe two effects of deforestation on soil and water cycles.
What are some regulations or practices that can help reduce deforestation and promote sustainable land use?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively

Basic Science and Technology - Junior Secondary 3 - Environmental hazard IV - Deforestation