Home Economics - Junior Secondary 3 - Types, properties and care of textiles

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 6

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 3

AGE: 14 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Types, properties and care of textiles

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) List and explain the different types of textiles and state the properties of each
2. ) Discuss how to care for each type of textile

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 3

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

TYPES, PROPERTIES AND CARE OF TEXTILES
Types of Textiles and Their Properties

Textiles can be classified into two main categories: natural and synthetic textiles. Below are the different types and their properties:

Natural Textiles

1. Cotton
   • Properties: Soft, breathable, absorbent, and comfortable. It is hypoallergenic and easy to dye. Cotton fabrics can be prone to wrinkling and shrinkage.
   • Uses: Clothing, bedding, towels, and upholstery.
2. Wool
   • Properties: Warm, elastic, moisture-wicking, and insulating. Wool is resistant to wrinkles and can absorb moisture while remaining dry to the touch. It is naturally flame-resistant.
   • Uses: Sweaters, blankets, coats, and carpets.
3. Silk
   • Properties: Luxurious, smooth, and shiny with a natural sheen. Silk is lightweight, strong, and absorbent but can be delicate and prone to damage from sunlight or perspiration.
   • Uses: High-end clothing, scarves, lingerie, and upholstery.
4. Linen
   • Properties: Cool, breathable, and absorbent. Linen is strong, durable, and resistant to lint and piling. However, it wrinkles easily.
   • Uses: Summer clothing, bed linen, tablecloths, and draperies.
5. Hemp
   • Properties: Strong, durable, and eco-friendly. Hemp fabrics are breathable, absorbent, and resistant to mildew. It is often used in eco-conscious fashion.
   • Uses: Workwear, eco-friendly clothing, bags, and shoes.

Synthetic Textiles

1. Polyester
   • Properties: Strong, wrinkle-resistant, durable, and easy to care for. Polyester is hydrophobic and does not absorb moisture easily, making it less breathable than natural fibers.
   • Uses: Clothing, home textiles, and industrial products.
2. Nylon
   • Properties: Lightweight, strong, elastic, and resistant to abrasion and mildew. It is more elastic than polyester and can withstand high temperatures.
   • Uses: Activewear, swimwear, ropes, and industrial fabrics.
3. Acrylic
   • Properties: Soft, lightweight, and similar in texture to wool but much less expensive. Acrylic is resistant to moths, mildew, and sunlight but can pill over time.
   • Uses: Sweaters, blankets, and outerwear.
4. Spandex (Lycra/Elastane)
   • Properties: Highly elastic, stretchable, and form-fitting. Spandex has excellent recovery, meaning it returns to its original shape after stretching.
   • Uses: Activewear, swimwear, leggings, and undergarments.
5. Rayon
   • Properties: Soft, smooth, and breathable. Rayon can mimic the feel of natural fibers like silk or cotton. It is prone to shrinking and may lose its strength when wet.
   • Uses: Clothing, upholstery, and home textiles.

How to Care for Each Type of Textile

Natural Textiles

1. Cotton
   • Care: Wash in cold or warm water to prevent shrinkage. Use a mild detergent to avoid fabric damage. Cotton can be ironed on a high setting and may need fabric softener to prevent stiffness.
2. Wool
   • Care: Hand wash or use a gentle machine wash cycle on cold with wool detergent. Avoid wringing the fabric. Lay flat to dry to prevent stretching. Wool garments should be stored in a cool, dry place to avoid moths.
3. Silk
   • Care: Hand wash or dry clean. Use mild detergent and avoid wringing or twisting the fabric. Air dry or dry flat away from direct sunlight. Iron on a low heat setting while the fabric is slightly damp.
4. Linen
   • Care: Wash in cold or lukewarm water, ideally by hand or using a delicate cycle. Iron while the fabric is still damp to prevent wrinkles. Linen can be air-dried or tumble dried on a low heat setting.
5. Hemp
   • Care: Wash in cold water to maintain fabric integrity. Avoid using bleach, as it can degrade the fibers. Hemp softens with each wash, and air drying is preferable to machine drying.

Synthetic Textiles

1. Polyester
   • Care: Polyester fabrics can be machine washed in warm water with a mild detergent. They are quick-drying and can be ironed at a low temperature. Polyester is also resistant to shrinking and fading.
2. Nylon
   • Care: Wash in cold or lukewarm water using a gentle detergent. Avoid fabric softeners, as they can reduce the fabric’s moisture-wicking properties. Air dry or tumble dry on a low heat setting.
3. Acrylic
   • Care: Hand wash or machine wash in cold water with a mild detergent. Acrylic fabrics are sensitive to heat, so it is best to air dry them or tumble dry on a low heat setting.
4. Spandex
   • Care: Wash in cold water to avoid damage to the elastic fibers. Spandex garments should be air-dried or tumble dried on low heat. Avoid using fabric softeners or harsh detergents.
5. Rayon
   • Care: Hand wash or dry clean. Rayon is delicate when wet, so avoid wringing or twisting the fabric. Air dry or lay flat to dry. If ironing, use a low heat setting and iron the fabric while it’s still slightly damp.

EVALUATION:

1. What are the key differences between natural and synthetic textiles, and how do these differences affect their care and maintenance?
2. How does the moisture-wicking property of wool influence its use in various types of clothing, and what is the best way to care for wool garments?
3. Explain why it is important to follow the correct washing and drying instructions for fabrics like silk and rayon. What could happen if these fabrics are improperly cared for?
4. Compare the durability of synthetic textiles such as polyester and nylon with natural textiles like cotton and wool. How does this affect their use in different products?
5. What factors should be considered when choosing a textile for a specific product, such as clothing or upholstery, based on its properties and care requirements?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively