Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 3

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  4. Pathogens, diseases and their prevention

Term: 1st Term

Week: 5

Class: Junior Secondary School 3

Age: 14 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods

Date:

Subject: Physical and Health Education

Topic:-       Pathogens, Diseases and their prevention

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. Explain the meaning of pathogens
  2. Describe the types of pathogens
  3. Discuss various diseases caused by the pathogens
  4. Explain preventive measures against pathogens

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher revises the previous lesson on hockey

She introduces the topic by explaining the meaning of pathogens

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She explains the types of pathogens

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She further describes the examples of diseases caused by each pathogens and how to prevent them

 

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

PATHOGENS

Pathogens are tiny living organisms that make people sick.

Types of pathogens

  1. Virus: they are the smallest pathogens that not until the invention of the electron microscope, they could not be viewed. Some of the diseases they cause include HIV/AIDS, corona virus, measles, polio, small pox etc
  2. Bacteria: They are intermediate sized pathogens responsible for diseases such as pneumonia, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera, etc
  3. Protozoa: These are the largest pathogens and are responsible for diseases such as malaria, cryptosporidiosis etc
  4. Parasites: It is an animal or plant that lives in or on another animal or plant and gets food or protection from it. Many diseases are caused by parasites e.g guinea worm, giardiasis, tape worm, liver fluke etc
  5. Fungi: Many skin diseases such as ringworm and athlete’s foot are caused by fungi.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

  1. Adequate and balanced nutrition
  2. Use of safe and clean water for all domestic needs
  3. Regular exercise
  4. Good personal and environmental hygiene
  5. Vaccinations and immunizations
  6. Good ventilation
  7. Seeking and getting treatment on time

EVALUATION:    1. What is a pathogen?

  1. Explain the types of pathogens giving examples of diseases caused by each
  2. State the preventive measures against pathogens

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively