Home Economics - Junior Secondary 3 - Common childhood ailments

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 4

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 3

AGE: 14 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Common childhood ailments

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1.) List and explain some common childhood ailments

2.) Explain immunization

3.) Mention and explain the types of immunization available for children and the schedule for each

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 3

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

COMMON CHILDHOOD AILMENTS

Common Childhood Ailments

1. Common Cold
   • Description: A viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract. It is characterized by symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and mild fever.
   • Cause: Usually caused by rhinoviruses.
   • Treatment: Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms.
2. Chickenpox (Varicella)
   • Description: A highly contagious viral infection that causes an itchy rash with red spots and blisters. It often leads to fever and fatigue.
   • Cause: Varicella zoster virus.
   • Treatment: Antiviral medications in severe cases, but most children recover with supportive care.
3. Diarrhea
   • Description: Frequent, loose, or watery stools that can lead to dehydration.
   • Cause: Viral or bacterial infections, poor hygiene, or food intolerance.
   • Treatment: Oral rehydration solutions (ORS), antibiotics (if bacterial), and maintaining hydration.
4. Ear Infections (Otitis Media)
   • Description: Inflammation of the middle ear, often due to a cold or respiratory infection. Symptoms include ear pain, fever, and difficulty hearing.
   • Cause: Bacterial or viral infections.
   • Treatment: Pain relief (e.g., acetaminophen), and in some cases, antibiotics.
5. Asthma
   • Description: A chronic respiratory condition that causes wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing, especially during exercise or when exposed to allergens.
   • Cause: Allergies, infections, environmental factors.
   • Treatment: Inhalers, bronchodilators, and long-term control medications.
6. Measles
   • Description: A highly contagious viral infection characterized by a high fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic red, blotchy rash.
   • Cause: Measles virus.
   • Treatment: Supportive care, including hydration, fever control, and Vitamin A supplements.

Immunization

Immunization refers to the process of providing protection against specific diseases by introducing vaccines into the body. Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight pathogens, thereby preventing future infections. Immunization is one of the most effective ways to prevent infectious diseases, particularly in children, and helps protect both individuals and communities by promoting herd immunity.

Types of Immunization and Schedules

1. BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) Vaccine

• Disease Prevented: Tuberculosis (TB).
• Schedule: Administered at birth.

2. Hepatitis B Vaccine

• Disease Prevented: Hepatitis B.
• Schedule: Administered at birth, 6 weeks, and 14 weeks.

3. DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis) Vaccine

• Disease Prevented: Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Whooping Cough (Pertussis).
• Schedule: Administered at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks of age.

4. Polio Vaccine (OPV/IPV)

• Disease Prevented: Polio.
• Schedule: Administered at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks of age.

5. Hib Vaccine (Haemophilus influenzae type b)

• Disease Prevented: Meningitis, pneumonia, and other infections caused by Hib bacteria.
• Schedule: Administered at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks.

6. MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)

• Disease Prevented: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella.
• Schedule: Administered at 9 months and 18 months.

7. Rotavirus Vaccine

• Disease Prevented: Rotavirus infection (causing diarrhea).
• Schedule: Administered at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks.

8. Yellow Fever Vaccine

• Disease Prevented: Yellow fever.
• Schedule: Administered at 9 months.

9. Pneumococcal Vaccine (PCV)

• Disease Prevented: Pneumococcal diseases (such as pneumonia and meningitis).
• Schedule: Administered at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks.

10. Meningococcal Vaccine

• Disease Prevented: Meningitis caused by meningococcal bacteria.
• Schedule: Administered at 9 months.

11. Typhoid Vaccine

• Disease Prevented: Typhoid fever.
• Schedule: Administered at 12 months (in some regions with a high incidence of typhoid).

EVALUATION:

1. What are the benefits of immunization in children, and how does it contribute to public health?
2. Discuss the possible side effects of common childhood vaccines and how they can be managed.
3. Explain the role of herd immunity in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in communities.
4. How does the immunization schedule differ across various countries, and what factors influence these differences?
5. Identify and explain three common childhood ailments and their potential long-term effects if left untreated.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively