Home Economics - Junior Secondary 3 - Child development and care

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 3

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 3

AGE: 14 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Child development and care

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1.) List and explain the stages of development in a child

2.) Highlight the conditions necessary for a child’s development

3.) Discuss the areas of development in a child

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 3

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

CARE OF THE CHILD
Stages of Development in a Child

1. Infancy (0–2 years)
   • Description: This is the first stage of a child’s life, beginning from birth. During infancy, the baby undergoes rapid physical growth and learns basic skills like sitting, crawling, and walking. Cognitive development begins with the ability to recognize faces and sounds.
   • Key milestones: Developing motor skills, attachment to caregivers, and early language development.
2. Toddlerhood (2–3 years)
   • Description: At this stage, children gain more independence, learn to walk and talk, and begin exploring their environment. Language skills increase significantly, and toddlers start to engage in basic social interactions.
   • Key milestones: Improved coordination and motor skills, vocabulary expansion, and the development of self-awareness and autonomy.
3. Early Childhood (3–6 years)
   • Description: Early childhood is characterized by the rapid development of language, social skills, and imagination. Children begin to engage in pretend play and interact more with peers.
   • Key milestones: Mastery of basic motor skills, increased language fluency, and the beginning of emotional regulation.
4. Middle Childhood (6–12 years)
   • Description: In this stage, children experience steady growth in physical, cognitive, and emotional skills. Academic learning becomes more structured, and peer relationships become more significant. Critical thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving abilities develop.
   • Key milestones: Increased ability to read, write, and perform tasks independently; deeper friendships and teamwork skills.
5. Adolescence (12–18 years)
   • Description: Adolescence marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. This stage is defined by puberty, the development of abstract thinking, and the quest for identity. Emotional and social independence grows as adolescents begin to assert themselves.
   • Key milestones: Physical changes (puberty), development of a personal identity, abstract thinking, and planning for the future.

Conditions Necessary for a Child’s Development

1. Nutrition
   Proper nutrition is essential for the physical and cognitive development of a child. A balanced diet supports growth, brain development, and immune system function.
2. Love and Emotional Support
   A nurturing environment with emotional support from caregivers is crucial for the child’s social and emotional growth. Positive relationships contribute to a secure attachment and emotional resilience.
3. Stimulation and Learning Opportunities
   Children need a stimulating environment that encourages cognitive and social development. Providing opportunities for play, learning, and creative expression enhances problem-solving and critical thinking skills.
4. Safe and Secure Environment
   A safe, secure, and stable environment is vital for a child’s well-being. A home free from violence, abuse, and neglect ensures the child’s physical and emotional health.
5. Physical Activity
   Active play supports motor skill development and physical health. It also aids in building self-confidence and social skills through interaction with others.
6. Access to Healthcare
   Regular medical check-ups, vaccinations, and prompt treatment of illnesses are essential to ensure healthy physical development and prevent long-term health issues.

Areas of Development in a Child

1. Physical Development
   This refers to the growth of the body and the ability to control movements. It includes milestones such as learning to sit, walk, and run, as well as fine motor skills like holding a pencil or using utensils.
2. Cognitive Development
   Cognitive development involves the growth of intellectual abilities, including thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and learning. Children develop skills like language acquisition, memory, and the ability to understand abstract concepts.
3. Social Development
   Social development focuses on the ability to form relationships, communicate effectively, and interact with others. It includes learning about social norms, rules, empathy, and conflict resolution.
4. Emotional Development
   Emotional development refers to the ability to understand, express, and manage emotions. It involves learning how to cope with feelings, build self-esteem, and develop emotional resilience.
5. Moral Development
   Moral development includes the understanding of right and wrong and the development of personal values. It involves learning to make ethical decisions, show empathy, and understand the consequences of actions.
6. Language Development
   Language development is a key area that involves the ability to understand and use language for communication. Children progress from babbling to speaking in full sentences and later, engaging in more complex conversations.
7. Creative Development
   This area involves the development of imagination and creativity. Through play, art, music, and storytelling, children learn to express themselves and develop creative thinking skills

EVALUATION:

1. What are the key physical and cognitive milestones during the early childhood stage of development, and why are they important?
2. Explain the role of nutrition in a child's development. How does malnutrition affect their growth and cognitive abilities?
3. Discuss the importance of a safe and nurturing environment in promoting emotional and social development in children.
4. How do peer relationships influence a child’s development during middle childhood? Provide examples of positive and negative impacts.
5. Describe how the development of abstract thinking during adolescence contributes to the formation of identity and decision-making

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively