Mathematics - Junior Secondary 3 - Whole Numbers II

Whole Numbers II

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TERM: 1ST TERM

WEEK 2:

Class: Junior Secondary School 3

Age: 14 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Whole Numbers II
Focus: Expressions Involving Brackets and Fractions, Direct and Inverse Proportion

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Solve mathematical expressions involving brackets.
  2. Simplify and perform operations with fractions.
  3. Solve problems involving direct and inverse proportion.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
• Question and answer
• Guided demonstration
• Practice problems
• Peer collaboration
• Real-life examples

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
• Whiteboard and markers
• Fraction charts
• Flashcards with proportion examples
• Worksheets for exercises

PERIOD 1 & 2: Expressions Involving Brackets

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Explains the order of operations (BODMAS: Brackets, Order, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction).

Pupils listen and ask questions.

Step 2 - Explanation

Demonstrates how to simplify expressions like (2 + 3) × 5.

Pupils observe and take notes.

Step 3 - Guided Practice

Teacher provides several expressions involving brackets for students to solve.

Pupils solve the expressions individually.

Step 4 - Practice

Pupils work in pairs to solve more complex expressions involving brackets.

Pupils solve expressions in pairs.

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. Simplify: (5 + 3) × 4
  2. Simplify: (8 - 2) × 6
  3. Solve: (3 + 4) × (6 - 2)
  4. Simplify: (10 × 2) + 5
  5. Solve: (12 ÷ 3) × (5 + 2)

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Simplify: (6 + 4) × 3
  2. Solve: (9 + 7) × (10 ÷ 2)
  3. Simplify: (15 ÷ 3) + 6
  4. Solve: (5 × 2) + (10 ÷ 5)
  5. Simplify: (20 ÷ 4) × (7 - 3)

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Simplify: (2 + 6) × 5
  2. Solve: (4 × 3) + (10 ÷ 2)
  3. Simplify: (7 × 3) + 2
  4. Solve: (10 ÷ 2) × (6 - 4)
  5. Solve the expression: (15 + 5) ÷ (3 × 2)

 

PERIOD 3 & 4: Fractions - Simplification and Operations

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Introduces fractions and the importance of simplifying them.

Pupils listen and ask questions.

Step 2 - Explanation

Demonstrates how to simplify fractions (e.g., 6/8 → 3/4). Explains how to add and subtract fractions with the same denominator.

Pupils observe and take notes.

Step 3 - Guided Practice

Teacher shows examples of fraction operations, including addition, subtraction, and simplification.

Pupils solve examples under teacher’s guidance.

Step 4 - Practice

Pupils solve fraction exercises independently and in pairs.

Pupils work on their own and then collaborate with a partner to compare answers.

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. Simplify: 6/8
  2. Add: 1/4 + 2/4
  3. Subtract: 5/8 - 3/8
  4. Simplify: 9/12
  5. Solve: 2/3 + 1/6

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Simplify: 12/18
  2. Add: 1/2 + 1/3
  3. Subtract: 7/10 - 2/10
  4. Simplify: 15/25
  5. Solve: 3/5 - 1/5

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Simplify: 8/12
  2. Add: 5/6 + 1/3
  3. Subtract: 9/14 - 5/14
  4. Simplify: 18/24
  5. Solve: 2/5 + 1/2

 

PERIOD 5: Direct and Inverse Proportion

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Introduces the concept of direct and inverse proportions. Uses examples like speed and time (direct) and work and time (inverse).

Pupils listen and ask questions.

Step 2 - Explanation

Explains the relationship between variables in direct and inverse proportion. Uses simple equations and real-life examples.

Pupils observe and take notes.

Step 3 - Guided Practice

Teacher demonstrates problems involving direct and inverse proportion, such as calculating speed or work done.

Pupils practice solving the problems step by step.

Step 4 - Practice

Pupils solve more complex direct and inverse proportion problems individually or in pairs.

Pupils work on problems individually or in pairs.

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. If 5 workers can complete a task in 10 hours, how long will it take 8 workers to complete the same task? (Inverse Proportion)
  2. A car travels 60 kilometers in 2 hours. How far will it travel in 5 hours? (Direct Proportion)
  3. If 3 workers can complete a task in 4 hours, how long will it take 12 workers to complete the same task? (Inverse Proportion)
  4. A recipe requires 2 cups of flour for 4 people. How many cups are needed for 10 people? (Direct Proportion)
  5. If 5 apples cost 20 Naira, how much will 8 apples cost? (Direct Proportion)

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. If 6 workers can finish a task in 15 hours, how long will it take 12 workers? (Inverse Proportion)
  2. If a machine produces 100 units in 4 hours, how many units will it produce in 10 hours? (Direct Proportion)
  3. A car consumes 10 liters of fuel in 50 kilometers. How much fuel will it consume in 150 kilometers? (Direct Proportion)
  4. If 4 people can eat 12 loaves of bread in 6 days, how many loaves will 8 people eat in 3 days? (Direct Proportion)
  5. A recipe calls for 3 cups of sugar for 5 liters of juice. How much sugar will be needed for 12 liters of juice? (Direct Proportion)

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. If 4 workers can complete a task in 8 hours, how long will it take 16 workers? (Inverse Proportion)
  2. If a car travels 100 kilometers in 2 hours, how far will it travel in 7 hours? (Direct Proportion)
  3. A bag of rice weighs 5 kg and costs 500 Naira. How much will 7 kg of rice cost? (Direct Proportion)
  4. If 2 workers can build a house in 12 days, how long will it take 4 workers to complete the same house? (Inverse Proportion)

A school enrolls 200 students for every 3 teachers. How many students will there be for 9 teachers? (Direct Proportion)