Home Economics - Junior Secondary 3 - Child development and care

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 2

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 3

AGE: 14 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Child development and care

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1.) Define growth and development

2.) Explain the factors that influence a child’s development

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 3

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND CARE

Growth refers to the physical changes that occur in a child’s body, including an increase in size, weight, height, and the development of organs. Growth is typically measurable and is often a quantitative process.

• Example: A child’s height increasing over time or gaining weight as they get older.

Development refers to the process of improving or expanding a child's skills, abilities, and understanding, which includes cognitive, emotional, social, and intellectual growth. Development is more qualitative and involves changes in the way a child interacts with the world and people around them.

• Example: A child learning to speak, walk, or solve problems.

Factors That Influence a Child’s Development

1. Genetic Factors (Heredity)
   The genetic makeup of a child plays a crucial role in their physical growth, intelligence, and temperament. Inherited traits, such as height, eye color, and intelligence, are passed down from parents.
   • Example: A child may inherit traits such as a tall stature or musical ability from their parents.
2. Nutrition
   A child’s nutrition significantly affects both growth and development. Proper nutrition supports brain development, immune function, and overall physical growth.
   • Example: Malnutrition during infancy can lead to stunted growth or developmental delays.
3. Environment
   The environment in which a child grows, including their home, neighborhood, and school, influences their emotional and social development. A stimulating environment promotes cognitive development and learning.
   • Example: A child raised in a nurturing, stimulating environment with access to books and educational activities may develop stronger cognitive and social skills.
4. Parental Involvement and Care
   The amount of attention and care a child receives from their parents or caregivers is crucial for their development. Positive, supportive, and responsive caregiving fosters emotional security and cognitive growth.
   • Example: Children who are read to regularly or encouraged to explore their surroundings tend to develop language and problem-solving skills more rapidly.
5. Social Interactions and Peer Relationships
   Interaction with peers and family members helps a child develop social skills, emotional regulation, and a sense of identity. Positive peer relationships support language development, social skills, and empathy.
   • Example: A child who regularly interacts with other children may develop better communication skills and learn to share and collaborate.
6. Physical Activity
   Regular physical activity is essential for healthy physical development. Exercise supports motor skills, bone and muscle growth, and overall physical health.
   • Example: A child engaging in activities like running, playing, or swimming can develop better coordination and physical strength.
7. Cultural and Societal Influences
   Cultural practices, societal norms, and community expectations influence the way children develop socially, emotionally, and cognitively. These influences shape how children learn to interact with others and the values they adopt.
   • Example: A child growing up in a culture that values teamwork and cooperation may develop stronger social and interpersonal skills.
8. Health and Medical Care
   A child’s overall health, including access to regular medical check-ups, vaccinations, and prompt treatment for illnesses, affects their development. Chronic health issues or untreated medical conditions can hinder growth and learning.
   • Example: Children with access to good healthcare are more likely to grow physically and emotionally, while those with chronic illnesses may experience delays in development.
9. Economic Status
   The economic status of a family can influence the resources available to a child, such as access to quality education, healthcare, and nutritious food. A higher economic status often provides more opportunities for developmental enrichment.
   • Example: Children from wealthier families may have access to extracurricular activities like music lessons or sports, which can promote their development in various areas.

EVALUATION:

1. How do genetic factors and heredity influence a child’s physical and cognitive development? Provide examples.
2. Explain the role of nutrition in a child’s growth and development. What are the potential consequences of poor nutrition?
3. Discuss how environmental factors such as home and community setting can affect a child’s emotional and social development.
4. In what ways can parental involvement impact a child's cognitive and social growth? Give specific examples of positive and negative influences.
5. How does a child's access to healthcare and medical care contribute to their overall development? What are the long-term effects of inadequate healthcare?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively