Home Economics - Junior Secondary 3 - Sewing machine and garment construction processes

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 10

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 3

AGE: 14 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Sewing machine and garment construction processes

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) State the care of the sewing machine
2. ) Mention and explain some terms in garment construction

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 3

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

SEWING MACHINE AND GARMENT CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES
Care of the Sewing Machine

Proper care and maintenance of a sewing machine ensure its longevity, smooth functioning, and quality of work. Here are key care practices for your sewing machine:

• Regular Cleaning: Clean the sewing machine after every few sewing sessions to remove dust, lint, and fabric scraps. Use a small brush or compressed air to clean the machine's interior, especially around the bobbin case and feed dogs.
• Oiling: Lubricate the sewing machine with oil recommended by the manufacturer to ensure smooth operation. Be careful not to over-oil or use the wrong type of oil, as it can attract dust and debris.
• Changing Needles: Replace the sewing needle after every few sewing projects or if it becomes dull or bent. This ensures clean, precise stitching and prevents damage to the fabric or machine.
• Threading Correctly: Always follow the manufacturer’s threading instructions carefully. Incorrect threading can cause tension issues or damage the machine.
• Proper Storage: When not in use, cover the machine with a dust cover or store it in a protective case to prevent dirt buildup and accidental damage.
• Regular Servicing: Have the sewing machine serviced by a professional every 6-12 months to ensure that all mechanical parts are functioning correctly and to address any minor issues before they escalate.

Terms in Garment Construction

In garment construction, several terms are used to describe various processes, techniques, and tools involved. Here are some common terms:

• Seam: The line where two pieces of fabric are joined together with stitches. Seams are an essential part of garment construction.
• Dart: A sewn tuck or pleat that provides shape to a garment, typically used around the bust or waist.
• Grainline: The direction in which the fabric threads run, which is crucial for cutting fabric correctly to ensure the garment fits and hangs properly.
• Notch: Small cuts or marks made on the fabric to indicate specific points, such as where pieces need to be joined or hemmed. Notches help match fabric edges for accurate assembly.
• Basting: A temporary stitch used to hold fabric in place before the final stitching is done. Basting is typically used for tacking pieces together.
• Hemming: The process of folding the edges of fabric and sewing them to prevent fraying and to give a neat finish. Hemming is commonly done at the bottom of skirts, pants, and sleeves.
• Appliqué: A decorative technique where pieces of fabric are sewn onto a base fabric to create patterns or designs.
• Facing: A piece of fabric sewn onto the edges of a garment, such as the neckline or armholes, to finish the raw edges and provide a clean look.
• Interfacing: A fabric used to reinforce parts of a garment, such as collars, cuffs, and waistbands. Interfacing can be fusible or non-fusible.
• Pleat: A fold in fabric that is sewn in place to create fullness or add design detail to a garment. Pleats are often found in skirts and dresses.
• Bias: The diagonal direction of the fabric, which has more stretch and drape than the straight grain. Bias is often used for creating curved designs or when making fabric bindings.
• Casing: A tunnel of fabric, often at the waist or cuffs of a garment, where elastic or a drawstring is inserted.

EVALUATION:

1. Why is it important to clean your sewing machine regularly, and what tools should be used to ensure proper cleaning?
2. Explain the difference between a dart and a pleat in garment construction. How do each of these contribute to the fit of a garment?
3. What are the possible consequences of using incorrect threading in a sewing machine, and how can this be prevented?
4. Define "bias" in fabric terms. How does cutting on the bias affect the drape and stretch of a garment?
5. What is the purpose of interfacing in garment construction, and what types of interfacing are commonly used for different parts of a garment?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively