Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary 2

TERM – 3^RD TERM

WEEK EIGHT

Class: Junior Secondary School 2

Age: 13 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

Topic:  SETTING OUT

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Define setting out
2. Identify tools used during Setting Out
3. Define Evacuation/Timbering

 INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:   Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

SETTING OUT

Setting out refers to the process of establishing the precise locations, dimensions, and levels of structures or features on a construction site according to the construction plans or survey specifications.

Key activities during the setting out process include:

1. Marking Ground Points: Identifying and marking specific points on the ground that correspond to the planned positions of structures, foundations, or other elements.
2. Establishing Levels: Determining and marking the required elevations or heights of different points, ensuring proper grading and alignment.
3. Aligning Structures: Ensuring that buildings, roads, or other structures are positioned correctly and in accordance with the approved plans.
4. Transferring Dimensions: Transferring measurements and dimensions from design plans to the actual construction site.

Tools used during Setting Out

During the setting-out process in construction and surveying, various tools are used to accurately transfer measurements and dimensions from design plans to the actual construction site. Some common tools used for setting out include:

1. Total Stations: Electronic devices combining a theodolite and distance meter for measuring angles and distances accurately.

2. Theodolites: Optical instruments for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, ensuring precise alignment.

3. Measuring Tapes: Flexible tapes used for measuring distances on the ground, transferring dimensions from plans to the site.

4. Surveying Prisms: Placed at specific points on the site to reflect measurements taken by total stations, improving accuracy.

5. Level Instruments: Automatic levels or laser levels used for establishing level lines and determining height differences.

6. Stakes and Pegs: Wooden or metal stakes and pegs are driven into the ground to mark specific points or reference lines.

Evacuation/Timbering

Evacuation

In construction, evacuation typically refers to the process of safely and efficiently moving people out of a building or construction site in case of emergencies or hazardous situations, such as fires, structural failures, or other threats. It involves well-planned escape routes, emergency exits, and procedures to ensure the safety of occupants.

Timbering

Timbering in construction refers to the use of timber (wood) structures to support the walls of an excavation or trench, preventing the surrounding soil from collapsing and ensuring the safety of workers. This practice is employed when the soil is not stable enough to retain its shape without additional support.

Common types of timbering include:

1. Sheeting and Lagging: Wooden planks (sheeting) are placed against the excavation walls, and the spaces between them are filled with lagging to provide support.
2. Bracing: Horizontal and diagonal braces are used to stabilize the timber framework, reducing the risk of collapse.
3. Shoring: Vertical supports (shores) are installed against the excavation walls to prevent cave-ins. Shoring systems can be installed using timber or other materials.

EVALUATION: 1. What is setting out

2. Identify 5 tools used for setting out.
3. Differentiate between evacuation and timbering.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively