Home Economics - Junior Secondary 2 - Openings and fastenings

TERM: 3^RD TERM

WEEK: 13

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 2

AGE: 13 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Openings and fastenings

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) Define fastenings
2. ) State and explain the types of fastening
3. ) Outline the uses of fastenings
4. ) Discuss the points to note when choosing fastenings
5. ) Highlight the guidelines for attaching fastenings

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 2

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

OPENING AND FASTENINGS

Fastenings are devices or mechanisms used to secure or close openings in garments, ensuring they fit properly and can be worn or removed easily. Fastenings help hold the garment together and can serve both functional and decorative purposes.

Types of Fastenings

1. Buttons
   • Explanation: Buttons are round or oval pieces that fasten two parts of a garment together. They are typically sewn through a hole in the fabric and are fastened into a corresponding buttonhole.
   • Examples: Shirt cuffs, blouses, trousers, jackets.
2. Zippers
   • Explanation: Zippers consist of two strips of fabric with interlocking teeth that are opened and closed using a slider. They are commonly used for the closure of garments, offering a strong and secure fastening.
   • Examples: Dresses, jackets, skirts, trousers.
3. Hooks and Eyes
   • Explanation: A hook is a small metal piece that catches onto a corresponding loop or eye, used for fastening two parts of a garment together.
   • Examples: Bras, skirts, trousers, and evening wear.
4. Velcro
   • Explanation: Velcro is a fastening system that consists of two fabric strips: one with hooks and the other with loops. When pressed together, they create a strong bond.
   • Examples: Sportswear, children’s clothing, casual wear.
5. Snaps (Press Studs)
   • Explanation: Snaps are two interlocking metal or plastic pieces that snap together with pressure. They are often used in place of buttons for a quicker and more secure fastening.
   • Examples: Baby clothes, jackets, and casual wear.
6. Buckles
   • Explanation: Buckles are metal or plastic pieces used with straps or belts to fasten a garment. The strap fits through the buckle and is adjusted for a secure fit.
   • Examples: Belts, shoes, and some trousers or skirts.
7. Ties and Drawstrings
   • Explanation: These are cords or straps that are tied in knots or bows to close openings. Drawstrings are often used in place of zippers or buttons.
   • Examples: Sweatpants, hoodies, and pajama pants.

Uses of Fastenings

1. Security and Closure:
   Fastenings are primarily used to hold a garment together, providing secure closure and ensuring the garment stays in place during wear.
2. Fit Adjustment:
   Some fastenings, like drawstrings, belts, and zippers, allow for adjustments in the fit of a garment, providing comfort and flexibility.
3. Ease of Wear and Removal:
   Fastenings make it easier to put on and remove a garment. Zippers and buttons allow for a quick and convenient way to open and close garments.
4. Aesthetic Appeal:
   Fastenings often serve a decorative function, adding to the overall design of the garment. Decorative buttons, zippers, and clasps can enhance the garment’s visual appeal.
5. Safety:
   Certain fastenings, like hooks and eyes, can be used to securely hold parts of a garment in place, preventing the garment from opening unexpectedly and causing accidents.

Points to Note When Choosing Fastenings

1. Functionality:
   Consider the primary function of the garment. For example, a zipper may be more suitable for a coat or trousers, while buttons are ideal for shirts or dresses. Choose fastenings that match the garment’s purpose.
2. Durability:
   The fastening should be strong enough to withstand regular use. For example, heavy-duty zippers are required for outerwear, while smaller, more delicate buttons may be used for shirts or blouses.
3. Comfort:
   Choose fastenings that will not cause discomfort to the wearer. For example, metal zippers might irritate the skin, so a fabric-facing zipper or hook-and-eye closure may be better for sensitive areas.
4. Ease of Use:
   Consider how easy it is for the wearer to operate the fastening. For example, buttons can be tricky for children or elderly people, while Velcro may be more user-friendly for them.
5. Garment Type:
   Some fastenings are more appropriate for certain garments than others. For instance, Velcro is great for sportswear, while zippers or buttons are ideal for formal wear or outerwear.

Guidelines for Attaching Fastenings

1. Proper Alignment:
   Ensure that fastenings, especially buttons and zippers, are aligned properly for smooth operation. Misalignment can make the fastening difficult to use or cause the garment to fit poorly.
2. Secure Stitching:
   Fastenings should be sewn on securely, especially for heavy-use fastenings like zippers and buttons. Use strong, durable stitches that can withstand pressure.
3. Reinforce Areas of High Tension:
   Areas where fastenings are attached, like the ends of zippers or buttonholes, should be reinforced to prevent wear and tear. This can be done by using interfacing or double stitching.
4. Choose the Right Needle and Thread:
   When sewing fastenings, use a suitable needle and thread for the fabric type. For instance, use a jeans needle and strong thread for denim when attaching heavy-duty zippers or buttons.
5. Test for Functionality:
   After attaching a fastening, test it to ensure it works properly. Make sure buttons and zippers open and close smoothly, and hooks and eyes secure without issue.
6. Consider the Garment Design:
   Fastenings should complement the garment’s overall design. For example, a decorative button should match the style of the garment, while a practical fastening like Velcro should be hidden in areas like the inside of a jacket.

EVALUATION:

1. Explain how the choice of fastening can impact the overall functionality and comfort of a garment.
2. Describe the differences between the various types of fastenings and provide examples of when each would be most appropriate for specific garments.
3. What are the key factors to consider when selecting fastenings for children's clothing compared to adult clothing?
4. Discuss the importance of properly aligning and securely attaching fastenings in garment construction. What could go wrong if fastenings are not attached correctly?
5. How do fastenings contribute to both the aesthetic and practical aspects of a garment? Give examples of how different fastenings are used for design purposes.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively