Home Economics - Junior Secondary 2 - Openings and fastenings

TERM: 3^RD TERM

WEEK: 12

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 2

AGE: 13 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Openings and fastenings

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) Define openings
2. ) State and explain the types of opening
3. ) Outline the uses of openings
4. ) Discuss the points to note when making openings

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 2

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

OPENING AND FASTENINGS

Openings in garment construction refer to the spaces or gaps in a garment where fastening devices such as zippers, buttons, or hooks are placed. Openings allow the garment to be worn and removed easily, and they also contribute to the overall design and fit of the garment.

Types of Openings

1. Front Openings
   • Explanation: These are openings placed at the front of the garment, typically used in shirts, blouses, jackets, and dresses. They are usually closed with buttons, zippers, or hooks.
   • Examples: Button-down shirts, zippered jackets.
2. Back Openings
   • Explanation: Back openings are located at the back of the garment and are common in dresses, blouses, and certain coats. They allow for easier fitting and comfort.
   • Examples: Zippered dresses, keyhole openings.
3. Side Openings
   • Explanation: Openings positioned on the sides of garments, often used in skirts, pants, or dresses for ease of wear and for aesthetic design.
   • Examples: Side zippers on skirts or trousers.
4. Neckline Openings
   • Explanation: Openings created at the neckline of garments, which can be closed with buttons, snaps, or ties, and are often used in dresses, tops, and blouses.
   • Examples: Keyhole necklines, tie-neck blouses.
5. Sleeve Openings
   • Explanation: These openings are found at the end of sleeves and are used to allow the wearer to easily fit their hands through. They can be fastened with cuffs, buttons, or elastic.
   • Examples: Buttoned cuffs on shirts or elasticated wrists on blouses.

Uses of Openings

1. Ease of Wear and Removal:
   Openings allow the wearer to put on and take off garments comfortably. For example, a zipper or button opening makes it easy to get in and out of a dress or jacket.
2. Fit Adjustment:
   Openings provide flexibility in adjusting the fit of a garment. A back zipper or adjustable neckline allows the garment to accommodate different body shapes and sizes.
3. Design Element:
   Openings can also serve as a decorative feature, adding style and visual appeal to garments. For instance, a button-down shirt or keyhole opening adds an attractive element to a simple design.
4. Ventilation:
   Certain types of openings, such as side slits in skirts or underarm vents, help increase air circulation and keep the wearer comfortable, especially in hot weather.
5. Functionality:
   Openings also serve a functional purpose by providing access to pockets, bags, or even hidden compartments in some garments.

Points to Note When Making Openings

1. Proper Placement:
   Ensure that openings are placed in functional and aesthetic locations on the garment. For example, a zipper should be placed at the back or side of a dress to ensure it’s easy to use and doesn’t disrupt the garment’s design.
2. Reinforcement of Edges:
   The raw edges around openings need to be reinforced to prevent fraying or distortion over time. This can be done with interfacing, binding, or overlocking the edges.
3. Seam Allowance:
   Proper seam allowances should be considered when creating openings to ensure that the fabric does not bunch or pucker when the opening is fastened.
4. Type of Fastening:
   Choose an appropriate fastening (e.g., zipper, button, hook) based on the type of opening, garment style, and the level of comfort required. Ensure the fastening is strong and durable for regular use.
5. Accuracy and Neatness:
   Openings should be sewn carefully and neatly to ensure that they look professional and functional. Uneven or poorly finished openings can affect the overall look and durability of the garment.
6. Symmetry and Alignment:
   When making openings, ensure that they are symmetrical and properly aligned. Misaligned openings can affect the fit and appearance of the garment.
7. Ease of Use:
   Consider the ease of use of the opening—ensure that fasteners are functional and easy to open and close, especially in areas like necklines or waistbands where they are frequently used.

EVALUATION:

1. Explain the importance of proper placement when making openings in a garment. How does it affect both functionality and design?
2. Describe the different types of openings used in garment construction and provide examples of garments where each type is commonly used.
3. What are the key points to consider when reinforcing the edges around an opening, and why is this necessary?
4. Discuss the various fastening options that can be used to close an opening. How do you decide which fastening to use for different types of garments?
5. How can the alignment and accuracy of an opening affect the overall fit and appearance of a garment? Provide examples to support your answer.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively