Basic Science and Technology - Junior Secondary 2 - Thermal energy I

Thermal energy I

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TERM: 3RD TERM

WEEK: 1

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 2

AGE: 13 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Basic Science

TOPIC: Thermal energy I

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1.)     Define thermal energy.

2.)     Explain the concept of heat flow.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Basic Science textbooks for Junior Secondary School 2

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

PUPIL’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

Review

The teacher revises the previous lesson.

Learners pay attention

STEP 2

Introduction

He defines thermal energy

Learners pay attention and participate

STEP 3

Explanation

He explains the concept of heat flow

Learners pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a short note on the board for the learners to copy

The learners copy the note from the board

 

NOTE

THERMAL ENERGY

Thermal energy is the total internal energy possessed by the particles of a substance due to their random motion. It is the energy that comes from the temperature of the substance. The faster the particles move, the higher the thermal energy. Thermal energy depends on the mass, temperature, and specific heat capacity of the material.

THE CONCEPT OF HEAT FLOW

Heat flow refers to the transfer of thermal energy from one body or system to another due to a temperature difference. Heat always flows from the region of higher temperature to the region of lower temperature. This process occurs through three main mechanisms:

  • Conduction: Transfer of heat through direct contact of particles in solids.
  • Convection: Transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids and gases).
  • Radiation: Transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation.

 

EVALUATION:

  1. What is thermal energy, and how does it relate to the temperature of a substance?
  2. Explain the three mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.
  3. How does the mass of a substance affect its thermal energy?
  4. What is the difference between heat flow and temperature?
  5. Describe a real-life example where heat flow occurs through conduction, convection, and radiation.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively