Home Economics - Junior Secondary 2 - Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS

TERM: 2^ND TERM

WEEK: 9

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 2

AGE: 13 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

) Define HIV/AIDS
) Describe how HIV spreads
) Discuss how to prevent sexually transmitted infections
) Discuss how to manage and support infected people

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 2

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

PRESENTATION	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	PUPIL’S ACTIVITY
STEP 1 Review	The teacher revises the previous lesson	Learners pay attention
STEP 2 Introduction	She defines HIV/AIDS and describes how it spreads	Learners pay attention and participate
STEP 3 Explanation	She discusses how to prevent sexually transmitted infections and how to manage and support infected people	Learners pay attention and participate
STEP 4 NOTE TAKING	The teacher writes a short note on the board for the learners to copy	The learners copy the note from the board

NOTE

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, HIV/AIDS

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial for the body's ability to fight infections. If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely weakened immune system, making the individual more vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

How HIV Spreads:

HIV is primarily spread through the following means:

Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
Sharing of contaminated needles or other injection equipment.
From mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Blood transfusions or organ transplants from an infected donor (though rare due to screening measures).
Exposure to infected blood through open wounds or needle-stick injuries in healthcare settings.

HIV is not spread through casual contact, such as shaking hands, hugging, or sharing food.

How to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs):

To prevent STIs, including HIV, the following measures can be taken:

Use condoms consistently and correctly during sexual intercourse to reduce the risk of transmission of most STIs.
Get tested regularly for HIV and other STIs, especially if engaging in sexual activity with multiple partners or those at higher risk.
Limit the number of sexual partners to reduce the chances of exposure to an infected individual.
Vaccination against certain STIs, such as HPV (Human Papillomavirus) and Hepatitis B, can prevent infection.
Avoid sharing needles or other equipment for drug use.
Ensure blood products are screened to avoid HIV transmission through transfusions.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for high-risk individuals can significantly reduce the risk of HIV infection.

How to Manage and Support Infected People:

Managing and supporting individuals living with HIV/AIDS involves both medical and emotional support:

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): People with HIV should take ART, which helps suppress the virus, maintain a strong immune system, and prevent the progression to AIDS. ART must be taken consistently for life.
Regular medical check-ups to monitor the health of the individual and adjust medications if necessary.
Mental health support to help individuals cope with the emotional and psychological challenges of living with HIV. This can include counseling, support groups, and therapy.
Nutritional support to ensure that the individual is maintaining a healthy diet to support the immune system.
Education and awareness to reduce stigma and encourage individuals to seek treatment and support without fear of discrimination.
Providing a safe and supportive environment where individuals can live without fear of rejection or neglect, especially within their families and communities.

EVALUATION:

Define HIV and AIDS and explain the progression of the disease from HIV to AIDS.
Describe three ways HIV is transmitted and discuss how these modes of transmission can be prevented.
What are some key strategies to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV?
Explain the importance of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for individuals living with HIV and its role in managing the disease.
How can communities support individuals living with HIV/AIDS in terms of healthcare, emotional well-being, and reducing stigma?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively