Home Economics - Junior Secondary 2 - Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS

TERM: 2^ND TERM

WEEK: 8

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 2

AGE: 13 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) Define sexually transmitted infections
2. ) Mention and explain the types of infections: the signs/symptoms, causes and treatment

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 2

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, HIV/AIDS

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections that are primarily spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. They are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that enter the body through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as semen, vaginal fluid, or blood, or through skin-to-skin contact. STIs can affect both men and women, and they may lead to serious health issues if untreated.

Types of Sexually Transmitted Infections: Signs/Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

a.) Bacterial STIs

1. Chlamydia
   • Signs/Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, but may include painful urination, discharge from the genitals, lower abdominal pain, and pain during intercourse.
   • Causes: Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.
   • Treatment: Treated with antibiotics, usually azithromycin or doxycycline.
2. Gonorrhea
   • Signs/Symptoms: Painful urination, genital discharge (green, yellow, or white), pain in the pelvic area, and, in some cases, sore throat.
   • Causes: Caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
   • Treatment: Treated with antibiotics; commonly a dual therapy of ceftriaxone and azithromycin.

b.) Viral STIs

1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
   • Signs/Symptoms: Initial flu-like symptoms, such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue. In the long term, can lead to AIDS if untreated.
   • Causes: Caused by the HIV virus, primarily transmitted through unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
   • Treatment: No cure, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps manage the infection and maintain immune function.
2. Genital Herpes
   • Signs/Symptoms: Painful blisters or sores on the genitals, rectum, or mouth, itching or tingling sensation before the sores appear.
   • Causes: Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 or HSV-2).
   • Treatment: No cure, but antiviral medications (like acyclovir) help manage outbreaks and reduce transmission.
3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
   • Signs/Symptoms: Often asymptomatic; can cause genital warts or lead to cervical and other types of cancers.
   • Causes: Caused by the HPV virus, spread through skin-to-skin sexual contact.
   • Treatment: No cure, but warts can be treated. Vaccines are available to prevent high-risk strains of HPV.

c.) Parasitic STIs

1. Trichomoniasis
   • Signs/Symptoms: Itching, burning sensation in the genital area, foul-smelling discharge, and pain during urination.
   • Causes: Caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
   • Treatment: Treated with antibiotics, usually metronidazole or tinidazole.
2. Pubic Lice (Crabs)
   • Signs/Symptoms: Intense itching in the genital area, visible lice or eggs in pubic hair.
   • Causes: Caused by parasitic insects called pubic lice, usually transmitted through sexual contact.
   • Treatment: Treated with topical insecticides like permethrin lotions or pyrethrin-based shampoos.

d.) Fungal STIs

1. Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)
   • Signs/Symptoms: Itching, redness, white discharge with a thick, cottage cheese-like texture.
   • Causes: Overgrowth of Candida fungi, sometimes spread through sexual contact but also occurs due to hormonal changes, stress, or antibiotic use.
   • Treatment: Antifungal medications, such as fluconazole or topical creams.

EVALUATION:

1. Define sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and explain how they are generally transmitted.
2. Identify two bacterial STIs and describe their common symptoms and treatments.
3. What is the difference between viral and bacterial STIs, and why is it important to distinguish between them in terms of treatment?
4. Describe the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for Trichomoniasis.
5. Explain the role of preventive measures, such as vaccination and safe sex practices, in reducing the risk of contracting STIs.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively