TERM: 2ND TERM
WEEK: 7
CLASS: Junior Secondary School 2
AGE: 13 years
DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods
DATE:
SUBJECT: Basic Science
TOPIC: Kinetic theory II
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to
- ) State and explain the kinetic energy assumptions
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Basic Science textbooks for Junior Secondary School 2
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:
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PRESENTATION
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TEACHER’S ACTIVITY
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PUPIL’S ACTIVITY
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STEP 1
Review
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The teacher revises the previous lesson.
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Learners pay attention
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STEP 2
Introduction
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He states the kinetic energy assumptions
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Learners pay attention and participate
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STEP 3
Explanation
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He then explains each assumption
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Learners pay attention and participate
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STEP 4
NOTE TAKING
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The teacher writes a short note on the board for the learners to copy
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The learners copy the note from the board
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NOTE
KINETIC THEORY
The Kinetic Energy Assumptions are fundamental principles within the Kinetic Theory of Matter that describe the behavior of particles in different states (solids, liquids, and gases). These assumptions help explain how matter behaves at the microscopic level, particularly in terms of its energy and motion.
The Kinetic Energy Assumptions are:
- Particles are in constant motion:
- In all states of matter (solids, liquids, and gases), particles (atoms or molecules) are in continuous motion. This motion is more noticeable in gases due to the greater spaces between particles but exists in all states. In solids, particles vibrate around fixed positions, in liquids, they slide past each other, and in gases, they move freely and randomly.
- Particles move in straight lines:
- Particles move in straight lines until they collide with other particles or the walls of their container. These collisions are elastic, meaning that there is no loss of kinetic energy during the collision, although energy may be transferred between particles.
- There are forces of attraction between particles:
- While the particles are constantly in motion, there are forces of attraction between them. These forces are stronger in solids, weaker in liquids, and almost nonexistent in gases. These intermolecular forces help explain the different properties of matter in various states.
- The temperature of the substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of its particles:
- Temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles. As the temperature increases, the particles move faster and possess more kinetic energy. Conversely, as the temperature decreases, the movement of particles slows down, and the kinetic energy decreases.
- Particles are very small and far apart in gases:
- In gases, the particles are much farther apart compared to solids and liquids. This assumption helps explain the ability of gases to expand to fill their container, as the particles move freely and have a lot of space to spread out.
EVALUATION:
- What is the relationship between temperature and the average kinetic energy of particles in matter?
- How do the assumptions of the kinetic theory explain the different properties of solids, liquids, and gases?
- Describe the behavior of particles in a gas based on the kinetic theory. How does this differ from the behavior of particles in a solid?
- Explain the role of intermolecular forces in the kinetic theory. How do these forces differ in solids, liquids, and gases?
- How does the concept of elastic collisions relate to the kinetic theory, and what implications does this have for the behavior of gases?
CLASSWORK: As in evaluation
CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively
