History - Junior Secondary 2 - Relationships and differences that existed between different centres of civilization in pre-colonial Nigeria

TERM: 2^ND TERM

WEEK: 5 and 6

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 2

AGE: 13 years

DURATION: 40 minutes

DATE:

SUBJECT: History

TOPIC: Relationships and differences that existed between different centres of civilization in pre-colonial Nigeria

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) Explain the relationships that existed between Kanem-Bornu/Hausa states in pre-colonial Nigeria
2. ) Discuss the differences that existed between Kanem-Bornu/Hausa in pre-colonial Nigeria

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: recommended history textbooks for Junior Secondary School 2

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES:

WEEK 5

NOTE.

Relationships Between People from Different Centres of Civilization

Trade and Commerce

The Kanem-Bornu and Hausa states were key players in regional trade networks.

• Economic Interdependence: The Hausa states were known for their agriculture and crafts, while Kanem-Bornu had access to valuable resources like salt and textiles. Their interactions often centered around trade, with the Hausa supplying food and crafts in exchange for salt and other goods from Kanem-Bornu.
• Marketplaces: Towns like Kano and Katsina became major trading hubs, where merchants from both regions gathered, facilitating cultural exchanges and economic growth.

Cultural Exchange

Cultural interactions flourished between the two centers of civilization.

• Language and Art: Trade and migration led to the exchange of languages and artistic traditions. The Hausa language influenced the cultures of Kanem-Bornu, while Kanem-Bornu’s artistic styles impacted Hausa crafts.
• Festivals and Customs: Festivals from both civilizations often featured shared elements, promoting communal ties and a shared identity among their people.

Political Alliances

Political relationships were often strengthened through strategic alliances.

• Intermarriages: Alliances through marriage between the ruling families of Kanem-Bornu and Hausa states helped solidify political ties and foster peace.
• Diplomatic Relations: Envoys and emissaries were often exchanged between the kingdoms to negotiate trade agreements, military alliances, and diplomatic relations.

Warfare and Conflict

While trade and culture were significant, conflicts also shaped their relationships.

• Territorial Disputes: Competition for resources occasionally led to conflicts. Wars were fought to gain control over trade routes and access to resources, but these conflicts also prompted alliances and negotiations for peace.
• Military Collaboration: In times of external threats, the two states sometimes collaborated militarily, recognizing the benefits of unity against common enemies.

EVALUATION:   

1. How did trade between the Kanem-Bornu and Hausa states influence their cultural exchange?
2. In what ways did political alliances and intermarriages shape the relationships between the ruling families of Kanem-Bornu and Hausa states?
3. What role did marketplaces play in fostering interactions and relationships between the Kanem-Bornu and Hausa people?
4. How did warfare and territorial disputes impact the diplomatic relations between the Kanem-Bornu and Hausa states?
5. What were the main benefits of collaboration between the Kanem-Bornu and Hausa states during times of conflict?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively

WEEK 6

NOTE

Differences Between the Kanem-Bornu and Hausa States

Political Structure

The political organization of the Kanem-Bornu and Hausa states exhibited notable differences.

• Kanem-Bornu: Governed by a centralized authority under the king (Mai), Kanem-Bornu had a well-defined hierarchy and a structured administration, which allowed for effective governance over a vast territory.
• Hausa States: In contrast, the Hausa states were more fragmented, with each city-state (like Kano, Zazzau, and Katsina) having its own ruler and political system. This decentralized structure fostered local governance and autonomy.

Culture and Customs

The cultural practices of Kanem-Bornu and the Hausa states reflected their unique identities.

• Art and Architecture: Kanem-Bornu was known for its distinctive architecture and artistic expressions, such as intricate leatherwork and wooden carvings. The Hausa states, however, were famous for their vibrant textiles and metalwork.
• Social Customs: Differences in social customs, such as marriage practices and community celebrations, highlighted the distinct identities of each civilization.

Religious Beliefs

Religion played a central role in shaping the identities of both civilizations.

• Islam in Hausa States: The Hausa states embraced Islam relatively early, leading to the establishment of Islamic schools and scholarship, which profoundly influenced their culture and governance.
• Traditional Beliefs in Kanem-Bornu: While Islam was also significant in Kanem-Bornu, traditional African religions and practices remained influential, often coexisting with Islamic beliefs. This led to a unique blend of spiritual practices that characterized Kanem-Bornu’s cultural landscape.

EVALUATION:   

1. How did the political structures of Kanem-Bornu and the Hausa states differ in terms of governance and administration?
2. What unique cultural practices distinguished the Kanem-Bornu civilization from the Hausa states?
3. How did the adoption of Islam in the Hausa states differ from the religious practices observed in Kanem-Bornu?
4. In what ways did the architectural styles and artistic expressions reflect the cultural differences between the Kanem-Bornu and Hausa states?
5. How did social customs related to marriage and community celebrations vary between the Kanem-Bornu and Hausa civilizations?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively