Mathematics - Junior Secondary 2 - Simple equations

Simple equations

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TERM: 2ND TERM

WEEK 1
Class: Junior Secondary School 2
Age: 13 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Simple Equations
Focus: Algebraic Equations, Differences between Algebraic Expressions and Algebraic Equations, Problems on Simple or Algebraic Equations

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Define algebraic equations.
  2. Identify the differences between algebraic expressions and algebraic equations.
  3. Solve simple algebraic equations.
  4. Apply simple algebraic equations to real-life problems.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

  • Question and answer
    • Guided demonstration
    • Discussion
    • Drills and exercises
    • Real-life application

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

  • Whiteboard and marker
    • Algebraic equation charts
    • Flashcards
    • Worksheets

 

PERIOD 1 & 2: Introduction to Algebraic Equations

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Introduces algebraic equations, explaining variables and constants.

Pupils listen and ask questions.

Step 2 - Explanation

Defines algebraic equations and gives examples like 3x + 5 = 11.

Pupils copy examples and repeat.

Step 3 - Demonstration

Demonstrates solving an equation step by step.

Pupils practice solving the equation with guidance.

Step 4 - Note Taking

Teacher writes an example on the board, explaining the steps.

Pupils take notes and solve similar problems.

NOTE ON BOARD:

  • 3x + 5 = 11
  • x = (11 - 5) / 3 = 2
  • Equation: A mathematical statement containing an equal sign.

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. Solve: 2x + 4 = 12
  2. Solve: 5x – 3 = 22
  3. Solve: 3x = 15
  4. Solve: 7x + 5 = 29
  5. Solve: 4x - 7 = 9

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Solve: 6x + 2 = 14
  2. Solve: 4x = 20
  3. Solve: 2x - 5 = 9
  4. Solve: 10x + 5 = 45
  5. Solve: 5x – 6 = 19

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Solve: 3x + 7 = 16
  2. Solve: 8x – 2 = 22
  3. Write an algebraic equation for "the number of pens plus 3 equals 10".
  4. Solve: 9x – 1 = 26
  5. Solve: 4x + 6 = 18

 

PERIOD 3 & 4: Algebraic Equations vs. Algebraic Expressions

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Discusses the difference between algebraic expressions and algebraic equations.

Pupils listen and ask questions.

Step 2 - Explanation

Defines algebraic expressions and equations, giving examples like 3x + 5 (expression) vs. 3x + 5 = 11 (equation).

Pupils take notes and discuss the differences.

Step 3 - Demonstration

Provides examples of both and shows how to identify each.

Pupils identify examples of expressions and equations.

Step 4 - Note Taking

Teacher writes key points on the board.

Pupils copy and practice.

NOTE ON BOARD:

  • Algebraic Expression: 2x + 5
  • Algebraic Equation: 2x + 5 = 10
  • An equation contains an equal sign (=), whereas an expression does not.

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. Identify: 5x + 3
  2. Identify: 2x - 1 = 8
  3. Is 3x + 4 an expression or equation?
  4. Is 7x + 2 = 18 an expression or equation?
  5. Identify: 4y + 5 = 21

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Write an algebraic expression for "the number of pencils plus 5".
  2. Write an equation for "the number of books minus 7 equals 10".
  3. Identify: 2x + 8
  4. Identify: 4x = 16
  5. Identify: 3x + 5 = 20

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Write an algebraic expression for "three times a number minus 4".
  2. Write an equation for "twice a number equals 12".
  3. Identify: 3x + 2
  4. Identify: x - 5 = 10
  5. Solve: 2x + 7 = 13

 

PERIOD 5: Solving Word Problems using Algebraic Equations

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Introduces word problems that lead to algebraic equations.

Pupils listen and ask questions.

Step 2 - Explanation

Solves a word problem, explaining how to form an equation. Example: "A number plus 5 equals 12."

Pupils follow the example.

Step 3 - Demonstration

Gives more word problems for pupils to solve as a class.

Pupils work together to solve problems.

Step 4 - Note Taking

Teacher writes word problem solutions on the board.

Pupils copy and practice solving similar problems.

NOTE ON BOARD:

  • Word Problem: "A number added to 5 equals 12."
  • Form equation: x + 5 = 12
  • Solve: x = 12 - 5 = 7

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. "The sum of a number and 6 is 14. What is the number?"
  2. "Twice a number is 18. Find the number."
  3. "A number minus 4 equals 10. What is the number?"
  4. "The total of a number and 8 is 20. What is the number?"
  5. "Three times a number is 15. What is the number?"

CLASSWORK (5 tasks):

  1. "The sum of a number and 9 equals 18. What is the number?"
  2. "A number minus 3 equals 12. What is the number?"
  3. "Five times a number equals 25. Find the number."
  4. "Twice a number is 14. What is the number?"
  5. "A number plus 6 equals 16. Find the number."

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. "The difference between a number and 2 equals 5. What is the number?"
  2. "The sum of a number and 4 equals 10. What is the number?"
  3. "Three times a number is 24. What is the number?"
  4. "A number minus 7 equals 12. What is the number?"

Write your own word problem and solve it.