Basic Science and Technology - Junior Secondary 2 - Potential and kinetic energy

Potential and kinetic energy

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TERM: 2ND TERM

WEEK: 1

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 2

AGE: 13 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Basic Science

TOPIC: Potential and kinetic energy

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

  1. ) Define potential and kinetic energy
  2. ) Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy
  3. ) Use formulas to determine potential and kinetic energy

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Basic Science textbooks for Junior Secondary School 2

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

PUPIL’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

Review

The teacher revises the previous lesson.

Learners pay attention

STEP 2

Introduction

He defines potential and kinetic energy and differentiates them

Learners pay attention and participate

STEP 3

Explanation

He then uses formulas to determine potential and kinetic energy

Learners pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a short note on the board for the learners to copy

The learners copy the note from the board

 

NOTE

POTENTIAL AND KINETIC ENERGY

Potential Energy (PE): This is the energy stored in an object due to its position or state. The most common form is gravitational potential energy, which depends on the height of an object above the ground. It is energy that has the potential to do work due to its position or configuration.

 

Kinetic Energy (KE): This is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. Any object that is moving has kinetic energy. The amount of kinetic energy depends on the mass of the object and its velocity.

 

Differentiating Between Potential and Kinetic Energy:

  • Potential Energy:
    • It is energy of position or configuration.
    • It is stored energy that is ready to do work when released.
    • It depends on factors such as the height of an object (gravitational potential energy) or the elasticity (elastic potential energy).
  • Kinetic Energy:
    • It is energy of motion.
    • It is the energy an object has because it is moving.
    • It depends on the mass of the object and its velocity.

 

Key Difference:

  • Potential energy is energy stored due to an object's position (e.g., an object on a hill).
  • Kinetic energy is energy in motion (e.g., a car moving).

 

Formulas to Determine Potential and Kinetic Energy:

 

Potential Energy (PE):
The formula for gravitational potential energy is:

PE= mgh

Where:
m = mass of the object (in kilograms)
g = acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s2 on Earth)
h = height of the object above the ground (in meters)

 

Kinetic Energy (KE):
The formula for kinetic energy is:

KE=½mv2

Where:
m = mass of the object (in kilograms)
v = velocity of the object (in meters per second)

These formulas allow you to calculate the energy of an object based on its motion (kinetic) or position (potential)

 

EVALUATION:

  1. What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy? Provide an example of each.
  2. Explain how the mass and velocity of an object affect its kinetic energy. Use the formula KE= ½mv2 to support your explanation.
  3. How does the height of an object influence its potential energy? Use the formula PE= mgh to illustrate your point.
  4. A ball with a mass of 2 kg is held 5 meters above the ground. Calculate its potential energy.
  5. A car is moving at a speed of 20 m/s and has a mass of 1000 kg. Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively