Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary School 2

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Week: 7

Term: 1st Term

Class: Junior Secondary School 2

Age: 12 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 2 periods

Date:

Subject: Physical and Health Education

Topic:-       Accidents and Injuries

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

  1. State and explain some common sports and home injuries
  2. List the signs and symptoms of the sports and home injuries
  3. Highlight the first aid treatments for the injuries

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

PRESENTATION

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

STEP 1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher revises the previous lesson on common sports and home injuries

Students pay attention

STEP 2

EXPLANATION

She explains some common sports and home injuries, listing their signs and symptoms

Students pay attention and participates

STEP 3

DEMONSTRATION

She further highlights the first aid treatments for the injuries

Students pay attention and participate

STEP 4

NOTE TAKING

The teacher writes a summarized note on the board

The students copy the note in their books

 

NOTE

COMMON SPORTS AND HOME INJURIES
6. Shock: it is the condition of collapse and circulatory failure which follows massive loss of blood or fluid from circulation

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

  1. weakness
  2. pulse rate is rapid
  3. increase in the rate of respiration
  4. skin is cold and discoloured
  5. temperature drops
  6. blood pressure is low
  7. pupils dilate
  8. feeling of restlessness

FIRST AID TREATMENT

  1. arrest or stop bleeding
  2. keep the casualty still, lying down with the head low and the feet raised
  3. loose tight clothing
  4. where possible, oxygen should be administered to the casualty
  5. prepare casualty for transportation to the hospital

 

  1. FRACTURE: A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture.

CAUSES

  1. direct force or violence- blows, falls, gunshot wounds etc
  2. Indirect force or violence – when the bone broken in an accident is some distance away from the site at which the violence was received

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

  1. severe pains
  2. loss of power
  3. tenderness of the affected part
  4. limbs may get elongated or shortened
  5. bones stick out and the limbs will be dangling
  6. deformity of the affected area
  7. external or internal bleeding

FIRST AID TREATMENT

  1. fracture should be treated at the scene of the accident
  2. stop bleeding if there is any
  3. prevent infection by covering the wound
  4. treat for shock if it occurs
  5. do not set bones
  6. apply mechanical support with sticks and splints
  7. affected part should be held firmly wit bandages
  8. casualty should be transported to the hospital

 

  1. Wounds: It is an injury to the body (as from violence, accident, or surgery) that typically involves laceration or breaking of a membrane (such as the skin) and usually damage to underlying tissues. Some types of wounds are contused wounds, lacerated wounds, punctured/stab wounds, incised wound, abrasion.

CAUSES

  1. sharp objects
  2. blow from a blunt instrument
  3. fall on a rough surface
  4. gunshots

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

  1. Bleeding or oozing of blood.
  2. Redness.
  3. Swelling.
  4. Pain and tenderness.
  5. Heat.
  6. Possible fever with infection.
  7. Not being able to use or move the affected area.
  8. Oozing pus, foul smell (in infected wounds only)

FIRST AID TREATMENT

  1. Wash your hands. This helps avoid infection.
  2. Stop the bleeding
  3. Clean the wound with antiseptic
  4. Apply an antibiotic or petroleum jelly
  5. Cover the wound
  6. Get a tetanus shot.
  7. Heamorrhage or Bleeding: Bleeding, also called hemorrhage, is the name used to describe blood loss. It can refer to blood loss inside the body, called internal bleeding, or to blood loss outside of the body, called external bleeding

CAUSES

  1. abrasions (scrapes) that don't penetrate too far below the skin.
  2. hematoma or bruises.
  3. lacerations (cuts)
  4. puncture wounds from items like needles, nails, or knives.
  5. crushing injuries.
  6. gunshot wounds.

FIRST AID TREATMENT

  1. Close the blood vessels from which the blood is coming out
  2. reassure the casualty to rest or sit down
  3. clean the wound
  4. apply a direct pressure and secure with a bandage
  5. elevate the affected part
  6. remove foreign objects

 

     

EVALUATION:    1. Explain the following, stating their causes, signs/symptoms and first aid treatment

  1. shock
  2. fracture
  3. wounds
  4. Bleeding/Heamorrhage

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively