Basic Science and Technology - Junior Secondary 2 - Measurement of growth and developmental changes

TERM: 1^ST TERM

WEEK: 5

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 2

AGE: 13 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Basic Science

TOPIC: Measurement of Growth and developmental changes

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) Define “Growth” and “Development”
2. ) Discuss the two periods of rapid growth
3. ) Outline the stages of development

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Basic Science textbooks for Junior Secondary School 2

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

MEASUREMENT OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES

• Growth: Growth refers to the physical increase in size, number, and volume of an organism's cells, tissues, and organs over time. It typically involves measurable changes such as height, weight, and body mass.
• Development: Development is the process by which an organism undergoes progressive changes in its structure, function, and abilities, including both physical and psychological aspects. It encompasses the overall maturation of an organism, such as acquiring skills, gaining experience, and increasing complexity in behavior and cognition.

Two Periods of Rapid Growth

• Infancy (Birth to 2 years):
• This is the first period of rapid growth, where the child grows in both size and weight quickly. Infants experience considerable brain development during this time, including learning basic motor skills, sensory abilities, and early language skills.
• Physical growth during infancy is intense, as the baby triples in weight and grows in length by approximately 50%.
• Adolescence (Around 12 to 18 years):
• The second period of rapid growth occurs during puberty, when the body undergoes significant physical changes. In this phase, both boys and girls experience growth spurts, hormonal changes, and sexual maturation.
• Adolescence is marked by the development of secondary sexual characteristics, rapid height increase, and significant changes in body composition (increased muscle mass in boys, fat deposition in girls).

Stages of Development

• Infancy (Birth to 2 years):
• Development during this stage is focused on basic motor skills (e.g., crawling, walking), sensory development (vision, hearing), emotional bonding, and early language acquisition.
• Early Childhood (2 to 6 years):
• In this stage, children develop social skills, begin to learn about the world around them, and engage in symbolic play. Cognitive abilities expand, and children start forming basic concepts of language, numbers, and logic.
• Middle Childhood (6 to 12 years):
• This period is characterized by the development of intellectual abilities, such as problem-solving, reasoning, and reading skills. Peer relationships and social development become more complex, and children gain a better understanding of their own identity.
• Adolescence (12 to 18 years):
• Adolescents experience rapid physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. They develop abstract thinking, moral reasoning, and begin to establish independence from parents. This stage involves identity exploration and preparation for adulthood.
• Young Adulthood (18 to 40 years):
• Young adults focus on career development, relationships, and family building. Cognitive abilities peak in terms of problem-solving, reasoning, and decision-making. This stage also involves establishing intimate relationships and navigating adulthood's responsibilities.
• Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years):
• In this stage, individuals often experience stability in their careers and family life. There may be some physical changes such as decreased strength and flexibility. Cognitive development continues, although some individuals may experience a decline in certain areas, such as memory.
• Late Adulthood (65+ years):
• Late adulthood is characterized by reflection on life, dealing with aging-related health issues, and the potential for cognitive decline. Some individuals may experience wisdom and emotional regulation, while others might face challenges such as diminished physical abilities and cognitive decline. However, the elderly can continue to engage in learning and personal growth.

EVALUATION:

1. What is the difference between growth and development?
2. What are the key characteristics of the two periods of rapid growth in human development?
3. How do the stages of development from infancy to late adulthood differ in terms of physical, cognitive, and social changes?
4. Explain the significance of adolescence as a period of rapid growth and development.
5. How does the concept of development extend beyond physical growth and encompass cognitive, emotional, and social aspects?

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively