Mathematics - Junior Secondary 2 - Fractions - Transaction in the homes and offices

Fractions - Transaction in the homes and offices

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TERM: 1st TERM

WEEK 3

Class: Junior Secondary School 2
Age: 13 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Fractions – Transactions in the Homes and Offices
Focus: Expressing fractions as ratios, decimals, and percentages
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Convert fractions into ratios, decimals, and percentages.
  2. Solve problems involving fractions, ratios, and percentages in real-life contexts (home, office).
  3. Apply their knowledge of fractions to practical transactions in commercial settings.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

  • Question and answer
  • Guided demonstration
  • Problem-solving exercises
  • Real-life application scenarios
  • Group activities

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

  • Flashcards with fractions, decimals, and percentages
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Commercial arithmetic worksheets
  • Calculator (optional)
  • Transaction example charts (e.g., shopping, salaries)

 

PERIOD 1 & 2: Expressing Fractions as Ratios, Decimals, and Percentages
PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 – Introduction

Introduces the relationship between fractions, decimals, and percentages.

Pupils listen, ask, and answer questions.

Step 2 – Explanation

Demonstrates converting fractions into decimals and percentages with examples.

Pupils observe and practice conversions.

Step 3 – Demonstration

Shows real-life examples such as discounts (e.g., 20% off), conversions of ½ to 0.5 and 50%.

Pupils solve similar examples in class.

Step 4 – Practice

Pupils practice converting fractions into decimals and percentages on the board.

Pupils practice independently and with peer support.

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. Convert ¾ to a decimal and percentage.
  2. Write 0.25 as a fraction and percentage.
  3. Express ½ as a ratio and decimal.
  4. Convert 5/8 to percentage.
  5. Express 33.33% as a fraction and decimal.

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Convert 2/5 to a decimal.
  2. Express 0.75 as a percentage and ratio.
  3. What is 40% of 200?
  4. Convert 7/10 into a percentage.
  5. Express 0.4 as a fraction and percentage.

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Convert ⅓ to decimal and percentage.
  2. Write 55% as a fraction and decimal.
  3. Solve 15% of 150.
  4. Convert 2/5 to a ratio and percentage.
  5. Find the fraction representation of 80%.

 

PERIOD 3 & 4: Quantitative Reasoning on Fractions, Ratio, and Percentages
PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 – Introduction

Introduces quantitative reasoning through real-life examples, like calculating sales tax, commission, etc.

Pupils listen and share prior knowledge of these scenarios.

Step 2 – Explanation

Explains how fractions, ratios, and percentages are used in different quantitative reasoning problems.

Pupils follow along and ask questions.

Step 3 – Demonstration

Solves practical problems, such as a business transaction: “If a shop offers a 10% discount, how much is a 500 Naira item?”

Pupils solve similar problems as a class.

Step 4 – Practice

Pupils work on given problems individually or in pairs.

Pupils solve problems with teacher’s guidance.

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. Calculate 20% of 300 Naira.
  2. If a salary is increased by 10%, what is the new salary if the original salary is 50,000 Naira?
  3. A car costs 1,000,000 Naira. After a 15% discount, what is the price?
  4. What is the profit percentage if an item costing 250 Naira is sold for 400 Naira?
  5. A total amount of 600 Naira is shared in the ratio 3:2. How much does each person get?

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Convert ⅓ to percentage.
  2. A product costs 600 Naira. What is the price after a 25% discount?
  3. A shopkeeper increases the price of an item by 8%. What will be the new price if the original price is 1200 Naira?
  4. Solve for the value of x if 5/8 = x/100.
  5. Find the percentage increase in the value from 450 to 540.

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Calculate 15% of 1500 Naira.
  2. If a population of 20,000 grows by 12%, what is the new population?
  3. A shop sells goods in the ratio 3:5:2. If the total sales are 100,000 Naira, how much does each category make?
  4. Convert 7/10 into a percentage and decimal.
  5. Solve for x in the equation 6/9 = x/100.

 

PERIOD 5: Application to Commercial Arithmetic
PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 – Introduction

Introduces commercial arithmetic as applied to everyday transactions such as calculating profit, loss, or discount.

Pupils listen and share any prior experience with commercial transactions.

Step 2 – Example Problem

Solves an example, such as calculating the cost of an item after a 20% discount or finding the selling price after applying profit margin.

Pupils follow along with the steps.

Step 3 – Drill Exercise

Pupils solve word problems individually, applying their knowledge of fractions, ratios, and percentages.

Pupils solve the problems independently.

Step 4 – Conclusion

Reviews the applications of fractions in commercial contexts.

Pupils summarize what they learned.

EVALUATION (5 questions):

  1. A businessman buys an item for 200 Naira and sells it for 300 Naira. What is his profit percentage?
  2. An item is marked at 800 Naira. After a 15% discount, what is the sale price?
  3. A trader buys goods worth 1500 Naira and sells them at a 25% profit. How much is the selling price?
  4. Calculate the discount amount for an item priced at 5000 Naira with a 10% discount.
  5. If an item is sold for 1200 Naira after a 20% discount, what was the original price?

CLASSWORK (5 tasks):

  1. Calculate the percentage profit if an item bought for 500 Naira is sold for 750 Naira.
  2. A shop offers a 30% discount on an item. If the original price is 2000 Naira, what is the sale price?
  3. A store sells goods at a profit of 40%. If the cost price is 800 Naira, what is the selling price?
  4. An item costs 200 Naira. What is the cost after a 5% increase?
  5. Calculate the selling price after a 20% discount on an item that originally costs 3000 Naira.

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. A shopkeeper gives a 10% discount on items costing 1200 Naira. What is the sale price?
  2. A seller buys goods for 2500 Naira and sells them at a 15% profit. What is the selling price?
  3. Calculate the discount on an item that costs 6000 Naira with a 12% discount.
  4. A trader earns 25% profit on a product he sells for 2500 Naira. How much was the cost price?

A salary increase of 5% is announced for a worker earning 40,000 Naira. What is the new salary?