Creative Writing - Junior Secondary 2 - Composition

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STEPS

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

LEARNERS ACTIVITY

1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher revises the previous lesson and introduces the new topic by discussing the features of outline

1. Main Idea or Topic

• The central theme or subject of the writing piece.
• Usually presented as the title or main heading.
• It sets the foundation for the outline and defines the direction of the content.

2. Introduction

• A brief statement introducing the main idea.
• Includes key background information and context.
• May outline the purpose of the piece or provide a thesis statement (for essays).

3. Main Points or Sections

• Major ideas or sections of the content, typically represented by Roman numerals (I, II, III).
• Each main point is a separate idea that supports the overall topic.
• These points should be distinct, organized logically, and build on each other.

4. Subpoints

• Further details or explanations that support each main point.
• Represented by letters (A, B, C) or numbers (1, 2, 3) under each main point.
• These subpoints add depth, provide evidence, examples, or analysis related to the main points.

5. Details or Examples

• Specific facts, data, examples, or quotes that elaborate on subpoints.
• Represented by lowercase letters (a, b, c) or numbers in deeper levels of outlining.
• These details strengthen the argument or narrative and provide the necessary support.

6. Conclusion

• Summarizes the main points or wraps up the discussion.
• Restates the central theme or thesis.
• Provides closure to the writing and sometimes includes a final thought or call to action.

7. Logical Organization

• The structure follows a clear order, either chronological, spatial, or importance-based.
• Ideas flow naturally from one to another without confusion.
• Transitions between sections should be smooth and connected.

8. Conciseness

• The outline presents ideas briefly without going into full details.
• Focuses on key points and avoids overloading with information.
• It serves as a roadmap, leaving room for expansion in the actual writing.

9. Hierarchy and Indentation

• The outline uses clear headings, subheadings, and indentation to show the relationship between ideas.
• Main points are aligned to the left, while subpoints are indented to show their subordinate relationship.

10. Flexibility

• An outline is a flexible tool that can be adjusted as ideas develop.
• It may evolve during the writing process as new thoughts and insights arise

Example of an Outline Structure:

Title: The Importance of Healthy Eating

I. Introduction A. Overview of healthy eating B. Thesis statement: Healthy eating is crucial for physical and mental well-being.

II. Main Point 1: Nutritional Benefits A. Provides essential vitamins and minerals B. Strengthens the immune system C. Supports growth and development

III. Main Point 2: Long-term Health Effects A. Reduces risk of chronic diseases B. Promotes heart health C. Aids in weight management

IV. Main Point 3: Mental Health Impact A. Improves concentration and focus B. Reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety C. Enhances mood stability

V. Conclusion A. Recap of benefits B. Call to action: Make healthy eating a priority for a better life.

Learners observe, learn and participate

2

EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION/TEACHER MODELLING

The teacher then describes the format of an outline

An outline format typically follows a hierarchical structure, with main points and subpoints organized using a combination of Roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals, and lowercase letters. Each level of the outline is indented to show the relationship between ideas. Here’s the standard format:

General Outline Format

Title of the Paper/Essay/Story

I. Main Point 1 A. Subpoint 1 1. Detail or example for subpoint 1 2. Additional detail or supporting evidence B. Subpoint 2 1. Detail or example for subpoint 2 2. Further explanation or evidence

II. Main Point 2 A. Subpoint 1 1. Detail or example for subpoint 1 B. Subpoint 2 1. Detail or example for subpoint 2 2. Additional detail or evidence

III. Main Point 3 A. Subpoint 1 B. Subpoint 2 1. Detail or example for subpoint 2

Detailed Example of an Outline:

Title: The Importance of Sleep for Teenagers

I. Introduction A. Definition of sleep and its biological importance B. Thesis statement: Adequate sleep is crucial for teenagers’ mental, physical, and academic well-being.

II. Main Point 1: Physical Health Benefits A. Promotes growth and development 1. Growth hormones are released during sleep. 2. Sleep helps in muscle recovery and tissue repair. B. Strengthens the immune system 1. Reduces the risk of infections. 2. Increases the effectiveness of vaccines.

III. Main Point 2: Mental Health Impact A. Improves emotional regulation 1. Reduces mood swings and irritability. 2. Helps with managing stress and anxiety. B. Enhances cognitive function 1. Improves memory retention. 2. Boosts concentration and focus in school.

IV. Main Point 3: Academic Performance A. Better sleep leads to higher grades 1. Sleep helps process and retain information learned in class. 2. Students who sleep well perform better on tests. B. Sleep deprivation negatively affects attention span 1. Leads to forgetfulness and lack of focus. 2. Causes decreased problem-solving skills.

V. Conclusion A. Recap of the importance of sleep for teenagers’ overall well-being. B. Call to action: Encourage teens to prioritize sleep for better health and success in school.

Key Elements of the Outline Format:

1.   Main Points: Represented by Roman numerals (I, II, III, etc.).

2.   Subpoints: Represented by capital letters (A, B, C, etc.).

3.   Details or Evidence: Represented by Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.).

4.   Additional Details: Represented by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).

Learners observe, learn and participate

3

EVALUATION

The Learners are asked to

a.   Discuss the features of an outline

b.   Describe the formats of an outline

- Learners observe, learn and participate

4

CLASS-WORK

Learners are asked to

Write an outline on, “The effects of deforestation”

Learners observe, learn and participate

5

ASSIGNMENT

Learners are asked to

Write an outline on, “The dangers of taking hard drugs”

Learners participate

6

CONCLUSION

The teacher marks their books, corrects it and commends the Learners