Grammer - Junior Secondary 1 - Function of verbs

TERM: 3^RD TERM

WEEK: 5

CLASS : Junior Secondary School 1

AGE: 12 years

DURATION : 2 periods of 40 mins each

DATE:

TOPIC : Function of verbs

CONTENT : Verb tenses

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, Learners should be able to;

) Define tenses
) Describe what tenses express
) Discuss the forms of verb tenses and give examples

SET INDUCTION: The teacher uses practical illustrations to describe the forms of verb tenses

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES : Discussion, group activities, Interactive sessions, Explanations, Demonstrations

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS : New Concept English for Junior Secondary School 1 page 182-185, Contemporary English Grammar by Jayanthi Dakshina Murthy page 151-169

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1 AND 2: Verb tenses

S/N	STEPS	TEACHER’S ACTIVITY	LEARNERS ACTIVITY
1	INTRODUCTION	The teacher revises the previous lesson and introduces the new topic by explaining what Verb tenses are Tense is a term used in Grammar to indicate the time of the action or event.	Learners observe, learn and participate
2	EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION/TEACHER MODELLING	The teacher further explains the forms of verb tenses Tenses is divided into three classes namely; 1. Present tense: this is used to show that an action takes place at present. E.g a. He speaks well b. We are fond of music c. They are afraid of snakes d. I like Americans 2. Past Tense: This is used to show than an action was completed e.g a. He went to Ilorin yesterday b. Sarah died four years ago c. It was hot yesterday d. They stayed in a hotel for weeks 3. Future tense: This is used to show that an action will take place in future e.g a. He will go to Accra tomorrow b. They will send us a telegram c. I shall teach you Igbo d. It will rain tomorrow Each of the above tenses are divided into four classes namely 1. Present tense a. Simple present tense b. Present continuous tense c. Present perfect tense d. Present perfect continuous tense 2. Past tense a. Simple past tense b. Past continuous tense c. Past perfect tense d. Past perfect continuous tense 3. Future tense a. Simple future tense b. Future continuous tense c. Future perfect tense d. Future perfect continuous tense	Learners observe, learn and participate
3	EVALUATION	The Learners are asked to 1. Explain what tenses are 2. Discuss the three classes of tenses 3. Discuss how the four sub-classes under the three classes are formed	- Learners observe, learn and participate
4	CLASS-WORK	Learners are asked to answer Exercise I 1-5 on page 186 of the New Concept English for Junior Secondary School 1.	Learners observe, learn and participate
5	ASSIGNMENT	Learners are asked to answer Exercise II 1-6 on page 186 of the New Concept English for Junior Secondary School 1.	Learners participate
6	CONCLUSION	The teacher marks their books, corrects it and commends the Learners

Formation of the Classes of Tenses

1. Present Tense

a. Simple present Tense: Shows the present tense

Subject	Verb Base form First form of the verb	Question form
Subject	Verb Base form First form of the verb	Do/Does	Subject	Verb Base Form
He	Speaks English well	does	he	Speak English well?
She	Writes very beautifully	does	she	Write very beautifully?
It	Rains today	does	it	Rain today?
We	Like talking	Do	we	Like talking?
You	Stop here	Do	You	Stop here?
They	Believe God	Do	they	Believe God?
I	Hope to see you again	Do	I	Hope to see you again?

b. Present Continuous Tense: Shows what is really happening now.

Subject	Am/is/are	Present Participle (Verb + ing)	Question form
Subject	Am/is/are		Am/is/are	Subject	Present participle
He	Is	Watching tv	Is	he	Watching tv?
She	Is	Reading a novel	Is	she	Reading a novel?
It	Is	Raining heavily	Is	it	Raining heavily?
We	Are	Sitting in the garden	Are	we	Sitting in the garden?
You	Are	Studying medicine	Are	You	Studying medicine?
They	Are	Learning music	Are	they	Learning music?
I	Am	Writing a letter	am	I	Writing a letter?

c. Present perfect tense: To show that an action has just been completed

Subject	Have/has	Past participle Verb 3^rd Form	Question form
Subject	Have/has		Have/has	Subject	Past participle
He	Has	Stopped his work	Has	he	Stopped his work?
She	Has	Written a letter	Has	she	Written a letter?
It	Has	Rained heavily	Has	it	Rained heavily?
We	Have	Waited for her	Have	we	Waited for her?
You	Have	Discontinued your studies	Have	You	Discontinued your studies?
They	Have	Built the house	Have	they	Built the house?
I	Have	Read a novel	have	I	Read a novel?

d. Present perfect continuous tense: Shows that an action has been taking place since a point in time in the past and in progress up till now.

Subject	Have been/has been	Present participle (Verb + ing)	Question form
Subject	Have been/has been	Present participle (Verb + ing)	Have/has	Subject	Been	Present participle
He	Has been	Reading a novel	Has	he	been	Reading a nove?
She	Has been	Waiting for her	Has	she	Been	Waiting for her?
It	Has been	Raining heavily	Has	it	Been	Raining heavily?
We	Have been	Learning English	Have	we	Been	Learning English?
You	Have been	Singing a song	Have	You	Been	Singing a song?
They	Have been	Building the house	Have	they	been	Building the house?
I	Have been	Writing a letter	have	I		Writing a letter?

2. PAST TENSE

a. Simple past tense: Shows than an action was completed in the past

Subject	Verb 2^nd form (Past tense verb)
		Question form
		Did	Subject	Verb base form (Present)
He	Reading a novel	Did	he	Reading a novel?
She	Waiting for her	Did	she	Waiting for her?
It	Raining heavily	Did	it	Raining heavily?
We	Learning English	Did	we	Learning English?
You	Singing a song	Did	You	Singing a song?
They	Building the house	Did	they	Building the house?
I	Writing a letter?	Did	I	Writing a letter?

b. Past continuous tense: Shows that an action was in progress or incomplete in the past.

Subject	Was/were	Present Participle Verb + ing
			Question form
			Was/were	Subject	Present participle
He	Was	Reading a novel	Was	he	Reading a novel?
She	Was	Waiting for her	Was	she	Waiting for her?
It	Was	Raining heavily	Was	it	Raining heavily?
We	Were	Learning English	Were	we	Learning English?
You	Were	Singing a song	Were	You	Singing a song?
They	Were	Building the house	Were	they	Building the house?
I	Was	Writing a letter	Was	I	Writing a letter?

c. Past perfect tense: Shows that an action had completed earlier before another action began.

Subject	Had	Past Participle
			Question form
			Was/were	Subject	Present participle
He	Had	Read a novel	Had	He	Read a novel?
She	Had	Waited for her	Had	She	Waited for her?
It	Had	Rained heavily	Had	It	Rained heavily?
We	Had	Learnt English	Had	We	Learnt English?
You	Had	Sung a song	Had	You	Sung a song?
They	Had	Built the house	Had	They	Built the house?
I	Had	Written a letter	Had	I	Written a letter?

d. Past perfect continuous tense: Shows that an action had been in progress up to another action began

Subject	Had been	Present Participle Verb + ing
						Question form
			Had	Subject	Been		Present participle
He	Had been	Reading a novel	Had	he	Been		Reading a novel?
She	Had been	Waiting for her	Had	she	Been		Waiting for her?
It	Had been	Raining heavily	Had	it	Been		Raining heavily?
We	Had been	Learning English	Had	we	Been		Learning English?
You	Had been	Singing a song	Had	You	Been		Singing a song?
They	Had been	Building the house	Had	they	Been		Building the house?
I	Had been	Writing a letter	Had	I	Been		Writing a letter?

3. Future tense

a. Simple future tense: Shows that some action will take place in the future.

Subject	Shall/will	Base form if the verb (Verb 1^st form)

			Question Form
			Shall/will	Subject	Present participle
He	Will	Read a novel	Will	he	Read a novel?
She	Will	Wait for her	Will	she	Wait for her?
It	will	Rain heavily	will	it	Rain heavily?
We	Shall	Learn English	Shall	we	Learn English?
You	Will	Sing a song	Will	You	Sing a song?
They	Will	Build the house	Will	they	Build the house?
I	Shall	Write a letter	Shall	I	Write a letter?

b. Future continuous tense: Shows that some action will be in progress in future

Subject	Shall/will be	Present Participle

					Question Form
			Shall/will	Subject		Be	Present participle
He	Will be	Reading a novel	Will	he		Be	Reading a novel?
She	Will be	Waiting for her	Will	she		Be	Waiting for her?
It	will be	Raining heavily	will	it		Be	Raining heavily?
We	Shall be	Learning English	Shall	we		Be	Learning English?
You	Will be	Singing a song	Will	You		Be	Singing a song?
They	Will be	Building the house	Will	they		Be	Building the house?
I	Shall be	Writing a letter	Shall	I		be	Writing a letter?

c. Future perfect tense: Shows that some action will be finished in the future.

Subject	Shall/will have	Past participle

					Question Form
			Shall/will	Subject		Have	Past participle
He	Will have	Read a novel	Will	he		Have	Read a novel?
She	Will have	Waited for her	Will	she		Have	Waited for her?
It	will have	Rained heavily	will	it		Have	Rained heavily?
We	Shall have	Learnt English	Shall	we		Have	Learnt English?
You	Will have	Sung a song	Will	You		Have	Sung a song?
They	Will have	Built the house	Will	they		Have	Built the house?
I	Shall have	Written a letter	Shall	I		have	Written a letter?

d. Future perfect continuous tense: Shows that some action will have been in progress in the future.

Subject	Shall/will have been	Present participle

					Question Form
			Shall/will	Subject		Have been	Present participle
He	Will have been	Reading a novel	Will	he		Have been	Reading a novel?
She	Will have been	Waiting for her	Will	she		Have been	Waiting for her?
It	will have been	Raining heavily	will	it		Have been	Raining heavily?
We	Shall have been	Learning English	Shall	we		Have been	Learning English?
You	Will have been	Singing a song	Will	You		Have been	Singing a song?
They	Will have been	Building the house	Will	they		Have been	Building the house?
I	Shall have been	Writing a letter	Shall	I		have been	Writing a letter?