Grammer - Junior Secondary 1 - Conjunctions

S/N

STEPS

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY

LEARNERS ACTIVITY

1

INTRODUCTION

The teacher revises the previous lesson and introduces the new topic by explaining the four kinds of coordinating conjunctions citing examples of each

Coordinating conjunctions are divided into four kinds

1.   Cumulative or Copulative conjunctions: They are used to join statements e.g no less than, and, so, not only-but also etc

2.   Adversative conjunction: They are used to express a contrast between two statements e.g nevertheless, where as, still, only etc

3.   Disjunctive or alternative conjunction: They are used to express a choice between two alternatives e.g else, nor, either, or etc

4.   Illative conjunction: They are used to express an inference e.g for, since, so, consequently etc

Learners observe, learn and participate

2

EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION/TEACHER MODELLING

The teacher further explains the common errors in the use of some conjunctions

Common errors in the use of some conjunctions

1.   When correlative conjunctions are used, care should be taken to see that two nouns and verbs are joined properly e.g

a. You should either come today or tomorrow(incorrect)

You should come either today or tomorrow(correct)

b. Neither he is a fool nor a mad man (incorrect)

He is neither a fool nor a mad man (correct)

2.   Neither is always followed by nor e.g

a.   I received neither any letter or a telegram(incorrect)

I received neither any letter nor a telegram(correct)

b.   I know neither Rafiat or her friend(Incorrect)

I know neither Rafiat nor her friend

3.   Either is followed by or e.g

a.   She is either a teacher nor a student (Incorrect)

She is either a teacher or a student(Correct)

4.   Scarcely and hardly are always followed by when e.g

a.   I had scarcely reached home than it started raining heavily(Incorrectly)

I had scarcely reached home when it started raining heavily

5.   No sooner is always followed by than e.g

a.   I had no sooner finished my studies when I got a job(incorrect)

I had no sooner finished my studies that I got a job(correct)

6.   Correct form of pronoun must be used after the words than and as e.g

a.   I am as tall as him(Incorrect)

I am as tall as he(correct)

b.   He is cleverer than me(Incorrect)

He is cleverer than I(correct)

7.   Rather and other are followed by than e.g

a.   I would rather speak English but French(Incorrect)

I would rather speak English than French

b.   I loved no other girl except Benita(Incorrect)

I loved no other girl than Benita(correct)

8.   Like cannot be used as a conjunction e.g

a.   She speaks Yoruba well like her mother(Incorrect)

b.   She speaks Yoruba well as her mother(does) (correct)

9.   Conjunctions should not be omitted e.g

a.   She is more beautiful, but not so kind as her sister(Incorrect)

She is more beautiful than, but not so kind as her sister

b.   The book is as useful, if not more useful than that(Incorrect)

The book is as useful as, if not more useful than that(correct)

10.                Unless is negative in sense. So it should not be used with ‘not’ e.g

a.   Unless you don’t ask me, I cannot help you(incorrect)

Unless you ask me, I cannot help you(correct)

11.                Lest is always followed by should e.g

a.   Start early lest you might miss the train(Incorrect)

Start early lest you should miss the train(Correct)

12.                That is not used with indirect speech with “wh” words e.g

a.   She asked me that whether I had posted the letter(Incorrect)

She asked me whether I had posted the letter(correct)

b.   Please tell that where you are staying now(Incorrect)

Please tell me where you are staying now(correct)

13.                Since must be preceded by a present or past perfect tense e.g

a.   Five years passed since I saw Bayo(Incorrect)

Five years have passed since I saw Bayo(Correct)

Learners observe, learn and participate

3

EVALUATION

The Learners are asked to

1.   Explain the kinds of coordinating conjunctions and cite examples

2.    Describe some common wrong usage of conjunctions and correct them

- Learners observe, learn and participate

4

CLASS-WORK

Learners are asked to

Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions

1.   Lenny and others ________ the western scholar had interest in our old philosophies

2.   Gradually we began to suspect British statements about our conditions. But _______ we worked within the framework of British ideology

3.   Our challenge to British version of history grew and ______ we continued to function within the framework of ideology

4.   Nigeria’s spirit always guarded common heritage _______ she is often broken up politically

5.   ________ Italy gave the gift of culture and religion to Western Europe, India did not do so to Eastern Asia

6.   _______ these different classes and their mutual conflicts there was common bond which united them in India

7.   That is still the position of the liberal group and other small groups _______ a number of moderate congressmen

8.   Their faces tell the story of their joy _______ their freedom

9.   Just _______ water cannot wet the lotus leaf ______ work cannot bind the unselfish man by giving vise to attachment to results

10.                There is no freer life in Nigeria _______ the life of our children in Enugu state.

Learners observe, learn and participate

5

ASSIGNMENT

Learners are asked to answer Exercise II 1-5 on page 163 of the New Concept English for Junior Secondary School 1.

Learners participate

6

CONCLUSION

The teacher marks their books, corrects it and commends the Learners