Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term - Junior Secondary 1

TERM – 3^RD TERM

WEEK ONE

Class: Junior Secondary School 1

Age: 12 years

Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods each

Date:

Subject: BASIC SCIENCE

Topic: HUMAN REPRODUCTION –I

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to

1. Define Menstruation and Menstrual Hygiene.
2. Identify ways of cleanliness during Menstruation
3. Define Ovulation
4. Identify signs of Ovulation and the difficulty in predicting the Ovuation Period
5. Define Fertilization and Conception.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Videos, loud speaker, textbook, pictures,

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES

PERIOD 1-2

NOTE

REVISION OFLAST TERM’S WORK

HUMAN REPRODUCTION –I

Menstruation refers to the monthly shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) experienced by individuals with a uterus who are not pregnant. It is a natural biological process that typically occurs in women and some transgender men, marked by the flow of blood and tissue from the uterus through the vagina.

Menstrual hygiene refers to practices and behaviors aimed at maintaining cleanliness and managing menstrual blood safely and effectively during menstruation.

Cleanliness during Menstruation

Cleanliness during menstruation involves maintaining personal hygiene and cleanliness to prevent infections and discomfort associated with menstrual bleeding. This includes:

1. Changing menstrual products regularly (typically every 4-6 hours).
2. Washing the genital area with mild soap and water.
3. Wearing clean underwear, and practicing proper disposal of used menstrual products in a hygienic manner (e.g., wrapping them properly and disposing of them in designated bins).

Ovulation

 Ovulation is the process in the menstrual cycle where a mature egg is released from the ovary and becomes available for fertilization. It typically occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle, approximately 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period.

Signs of Ovulation

 Some common signs and symptoms of ovulation include:

1. Changes in cervical mucus: As ovulation approaches, cervical mucus becomes clearer, more stretched, and more slippery, resembling the consistency of raw egg whites.
2. Basal body temperature (BBT) rise: A slight increase in basal body temperature, measured using a specialized thermometer upon waking up in the morning, can indicate ovulation has occurred. This temperature rise usually occurs after ovulation has taken place.
3. Ovulation pain or mittelschmerz: Some individuals may experience mild pelvic or abdominal discomfort or pain on one side of the lower abdomen around the time of ovulation.
4. Increased libido: Some people may notice an increase in sexual desire or libido during ovulation, which may be attributed to hormonal changes.

Difficulty in Predicting Ovulation Period

 While ovulation typically occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle, predicting the exact ovulation period can be challenging due to several factors:

1. Menstrual cycle variability: Menstrual cycles can vary in length from person to person and even from cycle to cycle within the same individual, making it difficult to pinpoint the exact timing of ovulation.
2. Irregular menstrual cycles: Individuals with irregular menstrual cycles may have unpredictable ovulation patterns, further complicating the prediction of ovulation.
3. Lack of overt symptoms: Not all individuals experience noticeable signs or symptoms of ovulation, making it harder to identify when ovulation occurs.
4. External factors: Stress, illness, changes in medication, and other external factors can affect hormone levels and disrupt the regularity of the menstrual cycle, making it challenging to predict ovulation accurately.

Fertilization and Conception.

Fertilization is the process by which a sperm cell from a male merges with an egg cell from a female, resulting in the formation of a zygote, which has the potential to develop into an embryo. This typically occurs in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system.

Conception, also known as implantation, refers to the moment when a fertilized egg (zygote) attaches itself to the lining of the uterus. It marks the beginning of pregnancy, as the fertilized egg begins to develop and grow into an embryo.

EVALUATION: 1. Define menstruation.

2. Mention 3 ways of maintaining cleanliness during Menstruation
3. Identify 5 signs observed during Ovulation.
4. Why is it difficult to predict ovulation period.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher commends the students positively