Mathematics - Junior Secondary 1 - Algebraic processes

Algebraic processes

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TERM: 2ND TERM

WEEK 8

Class: Junior Secondary School 1
Age: 12 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Algebraic Processes
Focus: Coefficients, Like Terms & Use of Brackets

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Identify coefficients in algebraic terms.
  2. Recognize and collect like terms.
  3. Simplify algebraic expressions.
  4. Use brackets appropriately in expressions.
  5. Solve basic simplifications involving brackets.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

  • Explanation and demonstration
  • Guided practice
  • Question and answer
  • Use of charts and algebra tiles
  • Independent work

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

  • Flashcards with algebraic terms
  • Algebra tiles or cut-outs
  • Worksheets
  • Whiteboard and marker
  • Charts showing algebraic simplification steps

 

PERIOD 1 & 2: Identifying Coefficients and Like Terms

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Reviews use of symbols; introduces coefficients.

Pupils respond and participate.

Step 2 - Explanation

Shows that in 5x, 5 is the coefficient; like terms have same variables.

Pupils observe and ask questions.

Step 3 - Practice

Uses algebra tiles or writes examples: 3x + 5x, 4a + 7a.

Pupils practice collecting terms.

Step 4 - Note Taking

Writes notes with examples.

Pupils copy and solve.

NOTE ON BOARD:

  • 5x → Coefficient: 5
  • Like terms: 2x + 3x = 5x
  • Unlike terms: 2x + 4y → cannot be simplified

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

Identify coefficient and like terms:

  1. 6x
  2. 4a + 7a
  3. 3m + 2n
  4. 5y + 8y – 2y
  5. 9z – 3z + z

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

Simplify:

  1. 7x + 3x
  2. 2a + 4a – a
  3. 5m + 2n – 3m
  4. 6p – p
  5. x + x + x

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Identify coefficients in 5 expressions.
  2. State if the terms are like or unlike.
  3. Group and simplify the like terms.
  4. Use + or – as needed.
  5. Create your own 3 expressions and simplify.

 

PERIOD 3 & 4: Use of Brackets in Expressions

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Explains the role of brackets in grouping terms.

Pupils respond.

Step 2 – Demonstration

Shows expressions like: 2(x + 3), 3(a – 1)

Pupils solve with teacher.

Step 3 - Guided Practice

Expands and simplifies brackets.

Pupils try examples.

Step 4 - Note Taking

Writes summary and examples.

Pupils copy and solve.

NOTE ON BOARD:

  • 2(x + 3) = 2 × x + 2 × 3 = 2x + 6
  • 3(a – 1) = 3a – 3

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

Simplify:

  1. 4(x + 2)
  2. 5(y – 3)
  3. 2(a + 5)
  4. 3(m – 4)
  5. 6(z + 1)

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Expand: 2(x + 1)
  2. Simplify: 3a + 2(a + 1)
  3. Expand: 4(m – 2)
  4. Solve: 2x + 3(x + 2)
  5. Write your own example using brackets

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Write 5 expressions with brackets.
  2. Expand and simplify.
  3. Identify like terms in each.
  4. Rearrange terms in descending order.

Make up a word problem using brackets.