Mathematics - Junior Secondary 1 - Basic operations (continued)

Basic operations (continued)

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TERM: 2ND TERM

WEEK 6

Class: Junior Secondary School 1
Age: 12 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Basic Operations (Continued)
Focus: Positive & Negative Integers, Everyday Use, Quantitative Reasoning

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Add and subtract positive and negative integers using number line.
  2. Understand and collect like terms in expressions.
  3. Apply positive/negative numbers to real-life situations.
  4. Solve quantitative reasoning problems on basic operations.
  5. Use logic to approach problem-solving involving signs.

 

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

  • Interactive explanation
  • Step-by-step demonstration
  • Number line practice
  • Peer discussion
  • Logic games

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

  • Number line (vertical and horizontal)
  • Integer tiles or colored cards
  • Worksheets
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Quantitative reasoning samples

 

PERIOD 1 & 2: Integers on Number Line + Collecting Terms

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Defines integers, introduces + and –

Pupils listen and respond

Step 2 - Number Line Use

Demonstrates adding/subtracting integers

Pupils solve on number line

Step 3 - Algebra Basics

Introduces like terms and combining them

Pupils practice combining

Step 4 - Note Taking

Summarizes rules and examples

Pupils copy notes

NOTE ON BOARD:

  • Add: –3 + 5 = 2
  • Subtract: 4 – (–2) = 6
  • Like terms: 2a + 4a = 6a

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. –5 + 3 = ?
  2. 7 – (–4) = ?
  3. –10 + (–5) = ?
  4. Combine: 3x + 7x
  5. Add: –8 + 2

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Solve: –2 + 9
  2. Combine: 4y + 3y
  3. Add: –6 + (–3)
  4. 10 – (–5)
  5. Combine: 2x + 6x – 3x

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Draw number line from –10 to +10
  2. Solve: –7 + 4
  3. Combine: 5a + 2a – a
  4. Subtract: –3 – 2
  5. Add: –4 + (–6)

 

PERIOD 3 & 4: Everyday Use of Integers + Logic Practice

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Explains real-life situations: debts, temperature, etc.

Pupils relate examples

Step 2 - Examples

Shows practical examples on board

Pupils solve

Step 3 - Drill

Pupils create and solve real-life problems

Pupils write and share

Step 4 - Summary

Recaps applications

Pupils take notes

EVALUATION (5 questions):

  1. A man owes ₦3000 and pays ₦1000. What is his balance?
  2. Temperature drops from 5°C to –3°C. What is the change?
  3. Bank account: –₦5000 + ₦2000 = ?
  4. Subtract: 0 – (–6)
  5. Add: –10 + 4

CLASSWORK (5 tasks):

  1. Find: –7 + 10
  2. Solve: 15 – 18
  3. Debt: Owe ₦10,000, pay ₦4,000
  4. Temperature: From 10°C to –5°C
  5. Add: –3 + (–2)

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Write 3 examples of integers in real life
  2. Add: –8 + 5
  3. Subtract: 7 – (–3)
  4. Solve: –4 + (–7)
  5. Combine: 6a – 2a + 4a

 

PERIOD 5: Quantitative Reasoning – Basic Operations

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 – Introduction

Introduces reasoning-based questions

Pupils think critically

Step 2 - Examples

Demonstrates solving steps

Pupils solve in groups

Step 3 – Practice

Provides exercises with numbers and logic

Pupils write and discuss

Step 4 – Summary

Recaps strategies

Pupils take notes

EVALUATION (5 questions):

  1. What number added to 125 gives 300?
  2. If x – 25 = 100, what is x?
  3. A man gives ₦1000 to 4 people. How much total?
  4. x + 45 = 90. Find x.
  5. What is the difference between 375 and 189?

CLASSWORK (5 tasks):

  1. Find the missing number: ___ + 65 = 120
  2. Subtract: 432 – 198
  3. Solve: 3a + 4a
  4. A boy has ₦500, spends ₦125. What’s left?
  5. Add: 250 + 375 + 150

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Create your own 2 quantitative word problems
  2. Solve: 2x + 3x – x
  3. Add: –6 + 7
  4. Solve: x – 5 = 20

Find: 1,200 – 875