Mathematics - Junior Secondary 1 - Basic operations

Basic operations

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TERM: 2ND TERM

WEEK 5

Class: Junior Secondary School 1
Age: 12 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Basic Operations
Focus: Addition and Subtraction with Place Value and Number Line

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Add and subtract large numbers accurately.
  2. Apply place value principles in addition and subtraction.
  3. Use spike or abacus to represent place value.
  4. Use number line to solve addition and subtraction problems.
  5. Solve simple real-life problems involving addition and subtraction.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

  • Guided explanation
  • Demonstration with manipulatives
  • Use of number line
  • Question and answer
  • Practical drills and class interaction

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

  • Abacus or spike board
  • Number line charts
  • Base ten blocks (optional)
  • Whiteboard and marker
  • Worksheets

PERIOD 1 & 2: Addition and Subtraction Using Place Value (Abacus/Spike)

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 – Introduction

Reviews whole numbers, introduces addition/subtraction

Pupils respond and listen

Step 2 – Explanation

Demonstrates with spike board how to add and subtract

Pupils observe and ask questions

Step 3 – Demonstration

Uses 4-digit and 6-digit numbers to show place values

Pupils practice on own spike

Step 4 - Note Taking

Writes notes and examples

Pupils copy notes and examples

NOTE ON BOARD:

  • Add: 345,120 + 124,321 = 469,441
  • Subtract: 523,000 – 210,000 = 313,000
  • Use spike to represent each digit according to its place value

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. Add: 234,000 + 432,000
  2. Subtract: 800,000 – 325,000
  3. Show 256,743 on spike
  4. Add: 123,456 + 321,654
  5. Subtract: 450,000 – 150,000

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Represent 625,000 using spike
  2. Add: 120,000 + 230,000
  3. Subtract: 1,000,000 – 425,000
  4. Add: 501,205 + 123,001
  5. Subtract: 456,000 – 156,000

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Show 3 examples of large number addition
  2. Use abacus/sketch to represent a 6-digit number
  3. Create 2 subtraction problems and solve
  4. Write place value of each digit in 765,321
  5. Add: 678,234 + 129,876

 

PERIOD 3 & 4: Addition and Subtraction Using Number Line

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Introduction

Shows number line and introduces concept

Pupils observe

Step 2 - Explanation

Demonstrates adding by moving right and subtracting by moving left

Pupils follow and ask questions

Step 3 - Practice

Gives numbers to solve on number line

Pupils solve on paper/board

Step 4 - Note Taking

Writes steps and example solutions

Pupils copy and practice

NOTE ON BOARD:

  • Start at 100, move +50: Result is 150
  • Start at 200, move –75: Result is 125

EVALUATION (5 exercises):

  1. Add using number line: 75 + 20
  2. Subtract: 100 – 45
  3. Start at 300, move +150
  4. Start at 400, move –125
  5. Draw number line for: 50 – 25 + 75

CLASSWORK (5 questions):

  1. Add: 40 + 35
  2. Subtract: 90 – 55
  3. Add: 65 + 120
  4. Subtract: 300 – 190
  5. Start at 250, move +200

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Draw a number line from 0–300
  2. Solve: 120 – 80
  3. Add: 45 + 160 using number line
  4. Find the sum: 500 + 125
  5. Find the difference: 600 – 275

 

PERIOD 5: Mixed Practice and Real-life Application

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 - Review

Recaps all methods taught

Pupils ask and answer questions

Step 2 - Practice

Gives word problems on addition/subtraction

Pupils solve

Step 3 - Drill

Gives real-life examples (money, transport, etc.)

Pupils write and solve

Step 4 - Summary

Highlights main points

Pupils take notes

EVALUATION (5 questions):

  1. If a man earns ₦450,000 and spends ₦175,000, what is left?
  2. Add: ₦250,000 + ₦325,000
  3. A car moved 300km, then 175km more. Total distance?
  4. Subtract: 700,000 – 245,000
  5. Find difference between 1 million and 775,000

CLASSWORK (5 tasks):

  1. Add: ₦100,000 + ₦200,000
  2. Subtract: ₦600,000 – ₦180,000
  3. Total items sold: 325 + 475
  4. Distance covered: 125km + 150km
  5. Money remaining: ₦500,000 – ₦275,000

ASSIGNMENT (5 tasks):

  1. Write 2 examples of addition in real life
  2. Write 2 subtraction problems from your daily life
  3. Create 1 word problem using ₦ values
  4. Solve: ₦900,000 – ₦450,000

Add: 275,000 + 625,000