Home Economics - Junior Secondary 1 - Production of cleaning agents

TERM: 2^ND TERM

WEEK: 4

CLASS: Junior Secondary School 1

AGE: 12 years

DURATION: 40 minutes each for 2 periods

DATE:

SUBJECT: Home economics

TOPIC: Production of cleaning agents

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to

1. ) Define cleaning agents
2. ) State and explain the classes of cleaning agents
3. ) Outline the uses of cleaning agents

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstration, story-telling, videos from source

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Recommended Home economics textbooks for Junior Secondary School 1

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES: PERIOD 1-2:

NOTE

PRODUCTION OF CLEANING AGENTS, COSMETICS AND DEODORANTS

Cleaning agents are substances or compounds used to remove dirt, stains, and contaminants from surfaces and objects. They work by breaking down oils, grease, and other unwanted substances, making it easier to clean and disinfect different areas. Cleaning agents can come in various forms, such as liquids, powders, gels, or sprays, and are typically used in household, industrial, and commercial cleaning tasks.

Classes of Cleaning Agents:

Cleaning agents can be classified based on their specific functions and the type of dirt or stain they are intended to remove. The main classes of cleaning agents include:

• Detergents: These are the most common cleaning agents used for general cleaning. They help to break down oils, dirt, and grease. Detergents are often used for washing dishes, clothes, and cleaning floors.
• Example: Dishwashing liquids and laundry detergents.
• Disinfectants: These cleaning agents are specifically designed to kill germs, bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are commonly used in bathrooms, kitchens, and healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infections.
• Example: Bleach, antibacterial sprays.
• Abrasives: These are cleaning agents that contain coarse particles that help scrub away tough dirt, stains, and grease. Abrasives are used for cleaning hard-to-remove stains from surfaces like tiles, sinks, and ovens.
• Example: Scouring powders, baking soda.
• Solvents: Solvents are used to dissolve or break down substances that are difficult to remove with water alone, such as oils, paints, and adhesives. They are commonly used in industrial and commercial cleaning but can also be found in household cleaners.
• Example: Rubbing alcohol, acetone.
• Acidic Cleaners: These are used to break down and remove mineral deposits, rust, and limescale. They are often used in areas where hard water deposits or rust are common.
• Example: Vinegar, bathroom cleaners for removing soap scum.
• Alkaline Cleaners: These are used to break down grease and fatty substances. They are typically used in kitchens, especially for cleaning ovens, stovetops, and grills.
• Example: Ammonia-based cleaners.
• Enzymatic Cleaners: These cleaners contain enzymes that break down organic matter such as food stains, pet urine, and odors. They are commonly used for laundry and carpet cleaning.
• Example: Enzyme-based carpet cleaners.

Uses of Cleaning Agents:

Cleaning agents are versatile and serve various purposes. Some of the key uses include:

• General Cleaning: Cleaning agents are used to remove dirt, dust, and grime from surfaces in the home, such as countertops, floors, and furniture.
• Example: All-purpose cleaners are used to clean kitchen counters and dining tables.
• Stain Removal: Cleaning agents help remove stains from fabrics, carpets, and upholstery.
• Example: Laundry detergents and stain removers for clothes.
• Disinfection and Sanitization: Disinfectants are used to kill harmful bacteria, viruses, and fungi, ensuring a hygienic environment, especially in high-risk areas like kitchens and bathrooms.
• Example: Disinfectant sprays for bathroom surfaces and toilets.
• Degreasing: Cleaning agents such as degreasers are used to remove grease and oil from surfaces, particularly in kitchens and garages.
• Example: Degreasers for cleaning kitchen stovetops and oven surfaces.
• Descaling and Mineral Deposit Removal: Acidic cleaners are used to remove limescale, calcium deposits, and rust stains from appliances, faucets, and tiles.
• Example: Vinegar or citric acid to clean hard water stains on faucets.
• Polishing: Some cleaning agents are used to restore shine and improve the appearance of surfaces such as furniture, mirrors, and floors.
• Example: Furniture polish for wooden tables and cabinets.
• Odor Removal: Enzymatic cleaners or deodorizing agents are used to eliminate odors from carpets, upholstery, and air.
• Example: Odor-neutralizing sprays for freshening up rooms or eliminating pet smells.

EVALUATION:

1. What are cleaning agents, and why are they important for maintaining a clean and hygienic environment?
2. Explain the difference between detergents and disinfectants. Provide examples of when each should be used.
3. What are abrasive cleaners, and in what situations are they most effective?
4. How do acidic and alkaline cleaning agents differ, and what types of stains or dirt are they used to remove?
5. Describe the role of enzymatic cleaners and provide an example of where they would be used.

CLASSWORK: As in evaluation

CONCLUSION: The teacher marks their books and commends them positively